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In the pharmaceutical industry, drug dissolution testing is routinely used to provide critical in vitro drug release information for both quality control purposes, i.e., to assess batch-to-batch consistency of solid oral dosage forms such as tablets, and drug development, i.e., to predict in vivo drug release profiles. [1]
Typically, the parameter derived from the biological property is AUC or Cmax, while the physicochemical property is the in vitro dissolution profile. The main roles of IVIVC are: To use dissolution test as a surrogate for human studies. To supports and/or validate the use of dissolution methods and specifications.
The USP is published in a combined volume with the National Formulary (a formulary) as the USP-NF. [2] If a drug ingredient or drug product has an applicable USP quality standard (in the form of a USP-NF monograph), it must conform in order to use the designation "USP" or "NF".
In pharmaceutics, sink condition is a term mostly related to the dissolution testing procedure.. It means using a sheer volume of solvent, usually about 5 to 10 times greater than the volume present in the saturated solution of the targeted chemical (often the API, and sometimes the excipients) contained in the dosage form being tested.
Example: cimetidine; The absorption is limited by the permeation rate but the drug is solvated very fast. If the formulation does not change the permeability or gastro-intestinal duration time, then class I criteria can be applied. Class IV – low permeability, low solubility . Example: bifonazole; Those compounds have a poor bioavailability.
As the stomach has an aqueous environment, it is the first place where the pill can dissolve. The rate of dissolution is a key element in controlling the duration of a drug's effect. For this reason, different forms of the same medication can have the same active ingredients but different dissolution rates.
USP grade meets the purity levels set by the United States Pharmacopeia (USP). USP grade is equivalent to the ACS grade for many drugs. NF grade is a purity grade set by the National Formulary (NF). NF grade is equivalent to the ACS grade for many drugs. British Pharmacopoeia: Meets or exceeds requirements set by the British Pharmacopoeia (BP ...
A groundbreaking method by Small, Stevens and Bauman at Dow Chemical Co. unfolded the creation of the modern ion chromatography. Anions and cations could now be separated efficiently by a system of suppressed conductivity detection. In 1979, a method for anion chromatography with non-suppressed conductivity detection was introduced by Gjerde et al.