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The Lily-White Movement was an anti-black political movement within the Republican Party in the United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It was a response to the political and socioeconomic gains made by African-Americans following the Civil War and the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution, which eliminated slavery and involuntary servitude ("except as punishment for a crime").
[4] [186] In general, these efforts did not significantly increase African American support for the Republican Party. [ 4 ] [ 186 ] Few African Americans voted for George W. Bush and other national Republican candidates in the 2004 elections , although he attracted a higher percentage of black voters (15%) to identify as Republican than had any ...
Many Black women participating in informal leadership positions, acting as natural "bridge leaders" and, thus, working in the background in communities and rallying support for the movement at a local level, partly explains why standard narratives neglect to acknowledge the imperative roles of women in the civil rights movement.
The citizenship schools were also seen as a form of support to Martin Luther King Jr. in the nonviolent Civil Rights Movement. [163] Clark became known as the "Queen mother" or "Grandmother" of the Civil Rights Movement in the United States, [166] and Martin Luther King Jr. commonly referred to Clark as "The Mother of the Movement". [167]
African-American support was considered crucial to the Proposition's passage because African Americans made up an unusually large percentage of voters in 2008; the presence of African-American presidential candidate Barack Obama on the ballot was believed to have increased African-American voter turnout. [11]
Freedmen voting in New Orleans, 1867. Reconstruction lasted from Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation of January 1, 1863 to the Compromise of 1877. [1] [2]The major issues faced by President Abraham Lincoln were the status of the ex-slaves (called "Freedmen"), the loyalty and civil rights of ex-rebels, the status of the 11 ex-Confederate states, the powers of the federal government needed to ...
African-American women in the civil rights movement were pivotal to its success. [219] They volunteered as activists, advocates, educators, clerics, writers, spiritual guides, caretakers and politicians for the civil rights movement; leading and participating in organizations that contributed to the cause of civil rights. [219]
(That did not happen; the high point of Republican support was a non-committal reference to women's suffrage in the 1872 Republican platform.) [108] The NWSA worked on a wider range of women's issues than the AWSA, which criticized its rival for mixing women's suffrage with issues like divorce reform and equal pay for women. [109]