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MARC 21 is based on the NISO/ANSI standard Z39.2, which allows users of different software products to communicate with each other and to exchange data. [3] MARC 21 allows the use of two character sets, either MARC-8 or Unicode encoded as UTF-8. MARC-8 is based on ISO 2022 and allows the use of Hebrew, Cyrillic, Arabic, Greek, and East Asian ...
The MARC-8 charset is a MARC standard used in MARC-21 library records. [1] The MARC formats are standards for the representation and communication of bibliographic and related information in machine-readable form, and they are frequently used in library database systems .
As an XML schema it is intended to be able to carry selected data from existing MARC 21 records as well as to enable the creation of original resource description records. It includes a subset of MARC fields and uses language-based tags rather than numeric ones, in some cases regrouping elements from the MARC 21 bibliographic format.
ISO/IEC 11179 Standard describes the metadata and activities needed to manage data elements in a registry to create a common understanding of data across organizational elements and between organizations. ISO/IEC 19506 [41] Software Systems: ISO/IEC 19506 Standard called Knowledge Discovery Metamodel is an ontology for describing software ...
ISO 2709 is an ISO standard for bibliographic descriptions, titled Information and documentation—Format for information exchange. [ 1 ] It is maintained by the Technical Committee for Information and Documentation ( TC 9846 ).
[note 2] For a complete and up-to-date list of all the ISO standards, see the ISO catalogue. [1] The standards are protected by copyright and most of them must be purchased. However, about 300 of the standards produced by ISO and IEC's Joint Technical Committee 1 have been made freely and publicly available. [2]
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They are often used by libraries, archives, museums, and other cultural institutions to translate data to or from MARC standards, Dublin Core, Text Encoding Initiative (TEI), and other metadata schemes. For example, an archive has a MARC record in its catalog describing a manuscript.