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Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is a type of muscular dystrophy, a group of heritable diseases that cause degeneration of muscle and progressive weakness. Per the name , FSHD tends to sequentially weaken the muscles of the face , those that position the scapula , and those overlying the humerus bone of the upper arm.
Duchenne muscular dystrophy is the most common type of muscular dystrophy, [3] with a median life expectancy of 27–31 years. [5] [11] However, with comprehensive care, some individuals may live into their 30s or 40s. [3] Duchenne muscular dystrophy is considerably rarer in females, occurring in approximately one in 50,000,000 live female ...
Many affected people will eventually become unable to walk [2] and Duchenne muscular dystrophy in particular is associated with shortened life expectancy. Muscular dystrophy was first described in the 1830s by Charles Bell. [2] The word "dystrophy" comes from the Greek dys, meaning "no, un-" and troph-meaning "nourish". [2]
Guidelines for treating resistant hypertension have been published in the UK [45] and US. [46] It has been proposed that a proportion of resistant hypertension may be the result of chronic high activity of the autonomic nervous system, known as "neurogenic hypertension". [47] Low adherence to treatment is an important cause of resistant ...
A hypertensive emergency is very high blood pressure with potentially life-threatening symptoms and signs of acute damage to one or more organ systems (especially brain, eyes, heart, aorta, or kidneys). It is different from a hypertensive urgency by this additional evidence for impending irreversible hypertension-mediated organ damage (HMOD).
The disease is genetically heterogeneous, but the most common form of its transmission is an autosomal dominant pattern. [14] Autosomal recessive (as found, for example, in Alström syndrome [14]), X-linked (as in Duchenne muscular dystrophy), and mitochondrial inheritance of the disease is also found. [23]
DM1 is the most common form of myotonic muscular dystrophy diagnosed in children, with a prevalence ranging from 1 per 100,000 in Japan to 3–15 per 100,000 in Europe. [13] The prevalence may be as high as 1 in 500 in regions such as Quebec, possibly due to the founder effect .
Devices to help a person with duchenne muscular dystrophy stand are a common treatment approach. [3] Orthotic devices are used (as discussed above) and also specific standing devices such as standing frames, standing wheelchairs, and tables that have a tilt function.