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[2] [3] However, when a gallstone obstructs the bile duct and causes acute cholestasis, a reflexive smooth muscle spasm often occurs, resulting in an intense cramp-like visceral pain in the right upper part of the abdomen known as a biliary colic (or "gallbladder attack"). [4] This happens in 1–4% of those with gallstones each year. [4]
Pneumobilia is the presence of gas in the biliary system.It is typically detected by ultrasound or a radiographic imaging exam, such as CT, or MRI.It is a common finding in patients that have recently undergone biliary surgery or endoscopic biliary procedure.
In the developed world, 10 to 15% of adults have gallstones. [3] Of those with gallstones, biliary colic occurs in 1 to 4% each year. [3] Nearly 30% of people have further problems related to gallstones in the year following an attack. [3] About 15% of people with biliary colic eventually develop inflammation of the gallbladder if not treated. [3]
Rigler's triad consists of: (1) small bowel obstruction, (2) a gallstone outside the gallbladder, and (3) air in the bile ducts. [1] It bears the name of Leo George Rigler (1896–1979), who described it in 1941. [2] [3] It is not the same as Rigler's sign. It is most commonly seen in 6th to 7th decade of life and affects females more often.
The presence of large stones, >2.5 cm in diameter, within the gallbladder are thought to predispose to fistula formation by gradual erosion through the gallbladder fundus. [1] Once a fistula has formed, a stone may travel from the gallbladder into the bowel and become lodged almost anywhere along the gastrointestinal tract .
About 10–15% of adults in the developed world have gallstones. [5] Women more commonly have stones than men and they occur more commonly after age 40. [4] Certain ethnic groups are more often affected; for example, 48% of American Indians have gallstones. [4] Of all people with stones, 1–4% have biliary colic each year. [5]
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 30 December 2024. Organ in humans and other vertebrates Gallbladder Diagram of human gallbladder The gallbladder sits beneath the liver Details Precursor Foregut System Digestive system Artery Cystic artery Vein Cystic vein Nerve Celiac ganglia, vagus nerve Identifiers Latin vesica biliaris, vesica ...
Jaundice and/or clay-colored stool may raise suspicion of choledocholithiasis or even gallstone pancreatitis. [1] If the above symptoms coincide with fever and chills, the diagnosis of ascending cholangitis may also be considered. More than 70% of people with gallstones are asymptomatic and are diagnosed incidentally during ultrasound.