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In commodity money, the coin retains its value if it is melted and physically altered, while in a fiat money it does not. Usually, in a fiat money the value drops if the coin is converted to metal, but in a few cases the value of metals in fiat moneys have been allowed to rise to values larger than the face value of the coin.
Many items have been used as commodity money such as naturally scarce precious metals, conch shells, barley, beads, etc., as well as many other things that are thought of as having value. Commodity money value comes from the commodity out of which it is made. The commodity itself constitutes the money, and the money is the commodity. [32]
Karl Marx described price as the money-name for the labour realised in a commodity. [3] A commodity value is dependent on its utility. [4] Because money becomes valuable not due to its substance, that is, its commodity value, but rather because of its performance, currencies tend to become token. [5]
Money is well-suited to storing value because of its purchasing power. [4] It is also useful because of its durability. [5] Because of its function as a store of value, large quantities of money are hoarded. [6] Money's usefulness as a store of value declines if there are significant changes in the general level of prices. [7]
The alternative to a commodity money system is fiat money which is defined by a central bank and government law as legal tender even if it has no intrinsic value. Originally fiat money was paper currency or base metal coinage, but in modern economies it mainly exists as data such as bank balances and records of credit or debit card purchases, [3] and the fraction that exists as notes and coins ...
In metallist economic theory, the value of the currency derives from the market value of the commodity upon which it is based independent of its monetary role. Carl Menger (1840–1921) theorized that money came about when buyers and sellers in a market agreed on a common commodity as a medium of exchange in order to reduce the costs of barter ...
In the marketplace, where commodities are sold, "use value" is not helpful in facilitating the sale of commodities. Accordingly, in addition to having use value, commodities must have an "exchange value"—a value that could be expressed in the market. [22] Prior to Marx, many economists debated as to what elements made up exchange value.
A commodity currency is a currency that co-moves with the world prices of primary commodity products, due to these countries' heavy dependency on the export of certain raw materials for income. [1] Commodity currencies are most prevalent in developing countries (eg.