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While Stalin was in exile, Russia entered the First World War, and in October 1916 he and other exiled Bolsheviks were conscripted into the Russian Army. [98] They arrived in Krasnoyarsk in February 1917, [ 99 ] where a medical examiner ruled Stalin unfit for service due to his crippled arm. [ 100 ]
During Joseph Stalin's rule the number of women working increased from 24 percent of the workforce in 1928 to 39 percent in 1940. [4] In the period 1940–1950 women were 92 percent of new entrants in employment; this is mostly due to the exodus of the males who fought during World War II. The return of males to civilian life decreased women ...
Many early Russian feminists and ordinary Russian working women actively participated in the Revolution, and all were affected by the events of that period and the new policies of the Soviet Union. The provisional government that took power after the February 1917 overthrow of the tsar promoted liberalism and made Russia the first major country ...
They were banned under Soviet dictator Josef Stalin but commonplace under later Kremlin leaders. Now, after less than a century, official attitudes about abortion in Russia are changing once again.
Russia’s Road From Peace to War: Soviet Foreign Relations 1917–1941. (1969). Online free to borrow; Haslam, Jonathan. The Soviet Union and the Struggle for Collective Security in Europe 1933–1939 (1984). Kennan, George F. Russia and the West under Lenin and Stalin (1961). Online free to borrow; Laqueur, Walter.
Growing up under the rule of Joseph Stalin in his youth, he operated combine harvesters on a collective farm before joining the Communist Party, which then governed the Soviet Union as a one-party state. Studying at Moscow State University, he married fellow student Raisa Titarenko in 1953 and received his law degree in 1955.
Stalin used the principles of democratic centralism to transform his office into that of party leader, and later leader of the Soviet Union. [123] In 1934, the 17th Party Congress did not elect a General Secretary and Stalin was an ordinary secretary until his death in 1953, although he remained the de facto leader without diminishing his own ...
The term Stalinism came into prominence during the mid-1930s when Lazar Kaganovich, a Soviet politician and associate of Stalin, reportedly declared: "Let's replace Long Live Leninism with Long Live Stalinism!" [27] Stalin dismissed this as excessive and contributing to a cult of personality he thought might later be used against him by the ...