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The Apastamba Dharmasutra is the 28th and 29th prashna of this compilation, [16] while the first 24 prashnas are about Shrautasutras (vedic rituals), 25th is an ancillary mantra section, 26th and 27th are Grihyasutras (householder rites of passage), and the last or the 30th prashna is a Shulbasutra (mathematics for altar building).
The oldest is the sutra attributed to Baudhayana, possibly compiled around 800 BCE to 500 BCE. [2] Pingree says that the Apastamba is likely the next oldest; he places the Katyayana and the Manava third and fourth chronologically, on the basis of apparent borrowings. [3]
Other texts such as the early Apastamba śrautasūtra and later composed Katyayana start with Paribhasa-sutra section. [31] The śulbasūtra s or śulvasūtra s are appendices in the śrautasūtras and deal with the mathematical methodology to construct geometries for the vedi (Vedic altar). [ 32 ]
The extant Dharmasutras are written in concise sutra format, [23] with a very terse incomplete sentence structure which are difficult to understand and leave much to the reader to interpret. [19] The Dharmasastras are derivative works on the Dharmasutras, using a shloka (four 8-syllable verse style chandas poetry, Anushtubh meter), which are ...
The surviving scriptures of Jaina tradition, such as the Acaranga Sutra , exist in sutra format, [10] as is the Tattvartha Sutra, a Sanskrit text accepted by all four Jainism sects as the most authoritative philosophical text that completely summarizes the foundations of Jainism.
The Baudhayana's Srauta Sutra, dated around 600 BCE, is the earliest known text that provides a list of 91 pravara-rishis associated with the various Gotras. During the period of Apastamba's Srauta Sutra, estimated to have been composed around 450 BCE, the Pravara system underwent significant development and gained a more organized framework ...
The Dharmasūtra of Baudhāyana like that of Apastamba also forms a part of the larger Kalpasutra. Likewise, it is composed of praśnas which literally means 'questions' or books. The structure of this Dharmasūtra is not very clear because it came down in an incomplete manner.
Kalpa is a Sanskrit word that means "proper, fit, competent, sacred precept", and also refers to one of the six Vedanga fields of study. [7] In Vedanga context, the German Indologist Max Muller translates it as "the Ceremonial".