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Microcephaly (from Neo-Latin microcephalia, from Ancient Greek μικρός mikrós "small" and κεφαλή kephalé "head" [2]) is a medical condition involving a smaller-than-normal head. [3] Microcephaly may be present at birth or it may develop in the first few years of life. [3]
The terms traumatic brain injury and head injury are often used interchangeably in the medical literature. [1] Because head injuries cover such a broad scope of injuries, there are many causes—including accidents, falls, physical assault, or traffic accidents—that can cause head injuries.
Closed-head injuries are caused primarily by vehicular accidents, falls, acts of violence, and sports injuries. [4] Falls account for 35.2% of brain injuries in the United States, with rates highest for children ages 0–4 years and adults ages 75 years and older. [3] Head injuries are more common in men than women across every age group. [3]
[92] [93] Unlike those head injuries incurred in most sporting events, recent military head injuries are most often the result of blast wave exposure. [94] After a competitive application process, a consortium led by Virginia Commonwealth University was awarded funding to study brain injuries in military veterans.
Acute kidney injury: AIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome AIP Acute intermittent porphyria: ALA DD Doss porphyria/ALA dehydratase deficiency/Plumboporphyria (the disease is known by multiple names) ALD Alcoholic liver disease: ALI Acute lung injury: ALL Acute lymphoblastic lymphoma, acute lymphocytic leukemia: ALS Amyotrophic lateral ...
A concussion, also known as a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), is a head injury that temporarily affects brain functioning. [8] Symptoms may include headache, dizziness, difficulty with thinking and concentration, sleep disturbances, mood changes, a brief period of memory loss, brief loss of consciousness; problems with balance; nausea; blurred vision; and mood changes.
Cerebral contusion (Latin: contusio cerebri), a form of traumatic brain injury, is a bruise of the brain tissue. [2] Like bruises in other tissues, cerebral contusion can be associated with multiple microhemorrhages, small blood vessel leaks into brain tissue. Contusion occurs in 20–30% of severe head injuries. [3]
A common category with the greatest number of injuries is traumatic brain injury (TBI) following physical trauma or head injury from an outside source, and the term acquired brain injury (ABI) is used in appropriate circles to differentiate brain injuries occurring after birth from injury, from a genetic disorder (GBI), or from a congenital ...