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Lighting Power Density (LPD) is a lighting power requirement defined in North America by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE), and the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IESNA) Lighting subcommittee.
[GR-1] ²: Reduce lighting power density (LPD) with respect to all interior and exterior lighting systems by a minimum of 25%. [GR-2]: Facility must comply with recommended ASHRAE/IESNA Lighting Power Allowance (LPA) by either: [A] the whole building method or [B] space-by-space method.
ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1: Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings is an American National Standards Institute (ANSI) standard published by ASHRAE and jointly sponsored by the Illuminating Engineering Society (IES) that provides minimum requirements for energy efficient designs for buildings except for low-rise residential buildings (i.e. single-family homes ...
The CLTD/CLF/SCL (cooling load temperature difference/cooling load factor/solar cooling load factor) cooling load calculation method was first introduced in the 1979 ASHRAE Cooling and Heating Load Manual (GRP-158) [1] The CLTD/CLF/SCL Method is regarded as a reasonably accurate approximation of the total heat gains through a building envelope ...
The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) provides lighting standards in ASHRAE 90.1-2004. EPAct of 2005 set a deadline for states to adopt the ASHRAE 90.1-2004 standards. [19] ASHRAE has recently published the 90.1-2010 with improved lighting standards, this includes:
Mathematically, for the spectral power distribution of a radiant exitance or irradiance one may write: =where M(λ) is the spectral irradiance (or exitance) of the light (SI units: W/m 2 = kg·m −1 ·s −3); Φ is the radiant flux of the source (SI unit: watt, W); A is the area over which the radiant flux is integrated (SI unit: square meter, m 2); and λ is the wavelength (SI unit: meter, m).
The ASHRAE Handbook is the four-volume flagship publication of the nonprofit technical organization ASHRAE (American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers [a]). This Handbook is considered the most comprehensive and authoritative repository of practical knowledge on the various topics that form the field of heating ...
5.56 × 45 mm NATO bullet muzzle energy density [clarification needed] 0.4: 3.2: battery, Nickel–metal hydride (NiMH), low power design as used in consumer batteries [29] 0.4: 1.55: Liquid Nitrogen: 0.349: Water – Enthalpy of Fusion: 0.334: 0.334: battery, Zinc–Bromine flow (ZnBr) [30] 0.27: battery, Nickel–metal hydride (NiMH), High ...