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Exfoliated vermiculite is added to a calcium silicate slurry. This is then dewatered by pressing or by using one of the Fourdriner/Magnani/Hatschek processes to form a flat board which is then heat cured under pressure (typically 10–15 bar) for periods of up to 24 hours.
Calcium-silicate passive fire protection board being clad around steel structure in order to achieve a fire-resistance rating. Calcium silicate is commonly used as a safe alternative to asbestos for high-temperature insulation materials. Industrial-grade piping and equipment insulation is often fabricated from calcium silicate.
A calcium silicate feedstock, made from processed steel slag, can also be used to neutralize active acidity in AMD systems by removing free hydrogen ions from the bulk solution, thereby increasing pH. As the silicate anion captures H + ions (raising the pH), it forms monosilicic acid (H 4 SiO 4), a neutral solute. Monosilicic acid remains in ...
Ground granulated blast furnace slag is a latent hydraulic binder forming calcium silicate hydrates (C-S-H) after contact with water. It is a strength-enhancing compound improving the durability of concrete. It is a component of metallurgic cement (CEM III in the European norm EN 197).
Ferrosilicon is used as a source of silicon to reduce metals from their oxides and to deoxidize steel and other ferrous alloys. This prevents the loss of carbon from the molten steel (so called blocking the heat); ferromanganese, spiegeleisen, calcium silicides, and many other materials are used for the same purpose. [5]
Montmorillonite is used in the oil drilling industry as a component of drilling mud, making the mud slurry viscous, which helps to keep the drill bit cool, and to remove drilled solids. It is also used as a soil additive to hold soil water in drought-prone soils, used in the construction of earthen dams and levees , and to prevent the leakage ...
The main phases are the calcium silicate hydrates (C-S-H) (the "glue" in cement paste), calcium sulfo-aluminate phases (AFm and AFt, ettringite) and hydrogarnet. C-S-H phases are less soluble (~ 10 −5 M) than portlandite (CH) (~ 2.2 10 −2 M at 25 °C) and therefore are expected to play a negligible role for the calcium ions release.
Tricalcium silicate (C 3 S, alite, Ca 3 SiO 5) is thermodynamically unstable below 1250 °C, but can be preserved in a metastable state at room temperature by fast cooling : on slow cooling it tends to revert to belite (Ca 2 SiO 4) and CaO. If the reaction is incomplete, excessive amounts of free calcium oxide remain in the clinker. Regular ...