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In English orthography, many words feature a silent e (single, final, non-syllabic ‘e’), most commonly at the end of a word or morpheme. Typically it represents a vowel sound that was formerly pronounced, but became silent in late Middle English or Early Modern English .
The restriction to the "long e" sound is explicitly made in the 1855 and 1862 books, and applied to the "I before E except after C" rhyme in an 1871 manual. [14] Mark Wainwright's FAQ posting on the alt.usage.English newsgroup characterises this restricted version as British. [ 15 ]
If long vowels are distinguished from short vowels, the long version /æː/ is marked with a macron (ǣ) or, less commonly, an acute (ǽ). In the United States, the issue of the ligature is sidestepped in many cases by use of a simplified spelling with "e", as happened with œ as well; thus, archeology is more commonly used than archaeology in ...
The silent e often additionally indicates that the vowel before c is a long vowel, as in rice, mace, and pacesetter. When adding suffixes with i e y (such as -ed, -ing, -er, -est, -ism, -ist, -y, and -ie) to root words ending in ce , the final e of the root word is often dropped and the root word retains the soft c pronunciation as in danced ...
Other such long words are papaya, Kikuyu, opaque, and upkeep. [37] Kikuyu is typed entirely with the index finger, and so the longest one-fingered word on the Dvorak keyboard. There are no vowels on the right-hand side, and so the longest "right-handed" word is crwths.
A spectrogram of [i]. Sagittal section of a vocal tract pronouncing the IPA sound i . Note that a wavy glottis in this diagram indicates a voiced sound.. The close front unrounded vowel, or high front unrounded vowel, [1] is a type of vowel sound that occurs in most spoken languages, represented in the International Phonetic Alphabet by the symbol i.
A heavy syllable is generally one with a branching rime, i.e. it is either a closed syllable that ends in a consonant, or a syllable with a branching nucleus, i.e. a long vowel or diphthong. The name is a metaphor, based on the nucleus or coda having lines that branch in a tree diagram.
e and é are read as a closed short “e”; ê is read as a long closed “e”. eu is read as if it were read in French: in eu and éu the sound is short in êu the sound is long. j is used infrequently and indicates that i should be heard in words such as: gjêmo (giriamo), mangjâ (mangerà), cacjæ (getterei), lascjâ (lascerà), socjêtæ ...