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Using a SELECT statement after the INSERT statement with a database-specific function that returns the generated primary key for the most recently inserted row. For example, LAST_INSERT_ID() for MySQL. Using a unique combination of elements from the original SQL INSERT in a subsequent SELECT statement.
This is often a stop-the-world process that traverses a whole table and rewrites it with the last version of each data item. PostgreSQL can use this approach with its VACUUM FREEZE process. Other databases split the storage blocks into two parts: the data part and an undo log. The data part always keeps the last committed version.
In a SQL database, a record is typically called a "row". The introduction of granular (subset) locks creates the possibility for a situation called deadlock. Deadlock is possible when incremental locking (locking one entity, then locking one or more additional entities) is used. To illustrate, if two bank customers asked two clerks to obtain ...
In Computer Science, in the field of databases, non-lock concurrency control is a concurrency control method used in relational databases without using locking. There are several non-lock concurrency control methods, which involve the use of timestamps on transaction to determine transaction priority: Optimistic concurrency control
Optimistic concurrency control (OCC), also known as optimistic locking, is a non-locking concurrency control method applied to transactional systems such as relational database management systems and software transactional memory. OCC assumes that multiple transactions can frequently complete without interfering with each other.
A phantom read occurs when a transaction retrieves a set of rows twice and new rows are inserted into or removed from that set by another transaction that is committed in between. In this example, transaction 1 retrieves the set of rows with age greater than 17, then transaction 2 inserts a row with age 26 and is committed, and finally ...
Lilly’s Zepbound, approved in November 2023 as the Indiana-based drug giant’s answer to Novo Nordisk’s Wegovy, showed 21% average weight loss after 72 weeks for its highest dose in its Phase ...
In situations where the number of unique values of a column is far less than the number of rows in the table, column-oriented storage allow significant savings in space through data compression. Columnar storage also allows fast execution of range queries (e.g., show all records where a particular column is between X and Y, or less than X.)