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In mechanical engineering, backlash, sometimes called lash, play, or slop, is a clearance or lost motion in a mechanism caused by gaps between the parts. It can be defined as "the maximum distance or angle through which any part of a mechanical system may be moved in one direction without applying appreciable force or motion to the next part in mechanical sequence."
Differential operation while driving in a straight line: Input torque is applied to the ring gear (purple), which rotates the carrier (purple) at the same speed. When the resistance from both wheels is the same, the planet gear (green) doesn't rotate on its axis (although the gear and its pin are orbiting due to being attached to the carrier).
The initial design of the GM 10.5" 14-bolt differential spanned from 1973 to 1984, remaining unaltered until 1986. This iteration featured brake drums secured by wheel studs and utilized a smaller diameter pinion bearing compared to the subsequent design. The second design, in production since 1986, introduced notable improvements.
The hypoid pinion is then larger in diameter than an equivalent bevel pinion. A hypoid gear incorporates some sliding and can be considered halfway between a straight-cut gear and a worm gear . Special gear oils are required for hypoid gears because the sliding action requires effective lubrication under extreme pressure between the teeth.
Naturally the cast housing is also unique to the IRS model. Standard 8.5" Dana 44 ring and pinion gear can be used in the IRS model through the use of an installation kit which includes special shouldered bolts to mount the standard ring gear to the IRS carrier and a special pinion bearing set to fit the standard pinion shaft to the IRS housing.
Hypoid gear sets have long been used in the differential of rear-wheel drive cars, trucks and robotic arms.The scope of misalignment between the centers of the two interlinking shafts permits utilization of larger sized gears which enhances the contact surface area and reduces the wear and tear on the gear hence extending the life and power transmission capabilities of the gearboxes.
Cone distance in a bevel gear is the general term for the distance along an element of the pitch cone from the apex to any given position in the teeth. [1] Outer cone distance in bevel gears is the distance from the apex of the pitch cone to the outer ends of the teeth.
In many cases, such as remote controlled toys, the pinion is also the drive gear for a reduction in speed, since electric motors operate at higher speed and lower torque than desirable at the wheels. However the reverse is true in watches, where gear trains commence with a high-torque, low-speed spring and terminate in the fast-and-weak escapement.