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Vacuum cooling is a rapid cooling technique for any porous product that has free water and uses the principle of evaporative cooling. Vacuum cooling is generally used for cooling food products that have a high water content and large porosities, due to its efficacy in losing water from both within and outside the products.
Disinfection by-products (DBPs) are organic and inorganic compounds resulting from chemical reactions between organic and inorganic substances such as contaminates and chemical treatment disinfection agents, respectively, in water during water disinfection processes.
Vacuum drying is the mass transfer operation in which the moisture present in a substance, usually a wet solid, is removed by means of creating a vacuum. In chemical processing industries like food processing, pharmacology, agriculture, and textiles, drying is an essential unit operation to remove moisture. [1]
N-Chloropiperidine is a rare example of an organic chloramine. [5] Chloramine-T is often referred to as a chloramine, but it is really a salt (CH 3 C 6 H 4 SO 2 NClNa) derived from a chloramine. [6] Organic chloramines feature the NCl functional group attached to an organic substituent.
Equipment used in aseptic processing of food and beverages must be sterilized before processing and remain sterile during processing. [1] When designing aseptic processing equipment there are six basic requirements to consider: the equipment must have the capability of being cleaned thoroughly, it must be able to be sterilized with steam, chemicals, or high-temperature water, sterilization ...
A previously unidentified chemical has been discovered in the tap water of about one-third of U.S. homes, a new study has found, and scientists are actively investigating whether it's toxic.
The amination of ammonia with chloramine to form hydrazine is an example of this mechanism seen in the Olin Raschig process: NH 2 Cl + NH 3 + NaOH → N 2 H 4 + NaCl + H 2 O Chloramine electrophilically aminates itself in neutral and alkaline media to start its decomposition:
Chloramination is the treatment of drinking water with a chloramine disinfectant. [1] Both chlorine and small amounts of ammonia are added to the water one at a time which react together to form chloramine (also called combined chlorine), a long lasting disinfectant. Chloramine disinfection is used in both small and large water treatment plants.