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Mode water is defined as a particular type of water mass, which is nearly vertically homogeneous. [1] Its vertical homogeneity is caused by the deep vertical convection in winter. The first term to describe this phenomenon is 18° water , which was used by Valentine Worthington [ 2 ] to describe the isothermal layer in the northern Sargasso Sea ...
Sub-Antarctic Mode Water [1] (SAMW) is an important water mass in Earth's oceans. It is formed near the Sub-Antarctic Front on the northern flank of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current . The surface density of Sub-Antarctic Mode Water ranges between about 1026.0 and 1027.0 kg/m 3 , and the core of this water mass is often identified as a region ...
Freshwater environmental quality parameters are those chemical, physical and biological parameters that can be used to characterise a freshwater body. Because almost all water bodies are dynamic in their composition, the relevant quality parameters are typically expressed as a range of expected concentrations.
Mode-water eddies have a complex density structure. Due to their shape, they cannot be distinguished from regular anticyclones in an eddy-centric (focused on the core of the eddy) analysis based on sea level height. Nonetheless, eddy pumping induced vertical motion in the euphotic zone of mode-water eddies is comparable to cyclones.
Buoyancy-forced downwelling, often termed convection, is the deepening of a water parcel due to a change in the density of that parcel.Density changes in the surface ocean are primarily the result of evaporation, precipitation, heating, cooling, or the introduction and mixing of an alternate water or salinity source, such as river input or brine rejection.
Both Atlantic subtropical gyres are net evaporative, as well as the Pacific subtropical gyres, although they show an east–west transition with increased evaporation near the eastern boundaries. This spatial pattern can be attributed to the fact that the overlying air becomes saturated in humidity, subsequently leading to decreasing ...
Open ocean wind circulation can lead to gyre-like structures of piled up sea surface water resulting in horizontal gradients of sea surface height. [1] This pile up of water causes the water to have a downward flow and suction, due to gravity and mass balance. Ekman pumping downward in the central ocean is a consequence of this convergence of ...
In most humid subtropical climates, summer is the wettest season. In summer, the subtropical high pressure cells provide a sultry southernly flow of tropical air with high dew points, and frequent (but brief) convective showers are common.