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Labour economics seeks to understand the functioning and dynamics of the markets for wage labour. Labour is a commodity that is supplied by labourers , usually in exchange for a wage paid by demanding firms.
While Borjas was the first to mathematically formalize the Roy model, it has guided thinking in other fields of research as well. A famous example by James Heckman and Bo Honoré who study labor market participation using the Roy model, where the choice equation leads to the Heckman correction procedure. [3]
George Jesus Borjas (/ ˈ b ɔːr h ɑː s / [1] born Jorge Jesús Borjas, October 15, 1950) [2] is a Cuban-American economist and the Robert W. Scrivner Professor of Economics and Social Policy at the Harvard Kennedy School. [3] He has been described as "America’s leading immigration economist" [4] and "the leading sceptic of immigration ...
There is a wide literature dealing with geographical wage differentials. Following the neoclassical assumption of clearing labour markets, where there is a more attractive area to live in and if labour mobility is perfect, then more and more workers will move to this area which in turn will increase the supply of labour in this area and in turn depress wages.
George J. Borjas attributes these group differences to two factors: 1. The nature of the migration decision (whether individuals migrated to the United States for political or economic reasons) and 2. The incentives for immigrants to adapt to the U.S. labor market. [24]
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In labor economics, an efficiency wage is a wage paid in excess of the market-clearing wage to increase the labor productivity of workers. [1] Specifically, it points to the incentive for managers to pay their employees more than the market-clearing wage to increase their productivity or to reduce the costs associated with employee turnover.
External numerical flexibility is the adjustment of the labour intake, or the number of workers from the external market. This can be achieved by employing workers on temporary work or fixed-term contracts or through relaxed hiring and firing regulations or in other words relaxation of employment protection legislation, where employers can hire and fire permanent employees according to the ...