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A filesystem ACL is a data structure (usually a table) containing entries that specify individual user or group rights to specific system objects such as programs, processes, or files. These entries are known as access-control entries (ACEs) in the Microsoft Windows NT, [4] OpenVMS, and Unix-like operating systems such as Linux, macOS, and ...
Microsoft Excel uses dedicated file formats that are not part of OOXML, and use the following extensions:.xlsb – Excel binary worksheet (BIFF12).xla – Excel add-in that can contain macros.xlam – Excel macro-enabled add-in.xll – Excel XLL add-in; a form of DLL-based add-in [1].xlw – Excel work space; previously known as "workbook"
Most file systems include attributes of files and directories that control the ability of users to read, change, navigate, and execute the contents of the file system. In some cases, menu options or functions may be made visible or hidden depending on a user's permission level; this kind of user interface is referred to as permission-driven.
An access control expression with respect to a computer file system is a list of Boolean expressions attached to a file object.An access control expression specifies a Boolean formula that defines which users or system processes are granted access to objects, as well as what operations are allowed on given objects.
As of Windows Server 2012, Microsoft has implemented an ABAC approach to controlling access to files and folders. This is achieved through dynamic access control (DAC) [11] and Security Descriptor Definition Language (SDDL). SDDL can be seen as an ABAC language as it uses metadata of the user (claims) and of the file/ folder to control access.
An access matrix can be envisioned as a rectangular array of cells, with one row per subject and one column per object. The entry in a cell – that is, the entry for a particular subject-object pair – indicates the access mode that the subject is permitted to exercise on the object.
A lock file is often the best approach if the resource to be controlled is not a regular file at all, so using methods for locking files does not apply. For example, a lock file might govern access to a set of related resources, such as several different files, directories, a group of disk partitions, or selected access to higher level ...
CRUD functionality can for example be implemented with document databases, object databases, XML databases, text files, or binary files. Some big data systems do not implement UPDATE, but have only a timestamped INSERT (journaling), storing a completely new version of the object each time.