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Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), or fetal growth restriction, is the poor growth of a fetus while in the womb during pregnancy. IUGR is defined by clinical features of malnutrition and evidence of reduced growth regardless of an infant's birth weight percentile. [ 5 ]
If small for gestational age babies have been the subject of intrauterine growth restriction, formerly known as intrauterine growth retardation, [5] the term "SGA associated with intrauterine growth restriction" is used. Intrauterine growth restriction refers to a condition in which a fetus is unable to achieve its genetically determined ...
GRACILE is an acronym for growth retardation, aminoaciduria (amino acids in the urine), cholestasis, iron overload, lactic acidosis and early death. Prior to birth, the growth of the fetus is abnormally slow. This slow growth leads to a smaller than average newborn that has difficulty growing at a normal rate. [3]
Affected individuals exhibit intrauterine and postnatal growth retardation, leading to short stature and an aged appearance from birth. They have physical abnormalities including a large head (macrocephaly), sparse hair, prominent scalp veins, inward-folded eyelid (), widened anterior fontanelles, hollow cheeks (malar hypoplasia), general loss of fat tissues under the skin (lipoatrophy ...
Low birth weight, preterm birth, intrauterine growth retardation, and congenital abnormalities have all been found to be associated with fetal exposure to air pollution. [24] Although pollution can be found virtually everywhere, there are specific sources that have been known to release toxic substances and should be avoided if possible by ...
Fetal abnormalities are conditions that affect a fetus or embryo, are able to be diagnosed prenatally, and may be fatal or cause disease after birth.They may include aneuploidies, structural abnormalities, or neoplasms.
Histopathology of placenta with increased syncytial knotting of chorionic villi, with two knots pointed out. The following characteristics of placentas have been said to be associated with placental insufficiency, however all of them occur in normal healthy placentas and full term healthy births, so none of them can be used to accurately diagnose placental insufficiency: [citation needed]
Typically, children with this syndrome are born low-birth-weight due to intrauterine growth retardation. At birth, there is dysmorphism, which is later typified into the features described below. The child is stunted, often with demonstrable growth hormone deficiency and has moderate to severe intellectual disability, mainly as a consequence of ...