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Although the inelastic scattering of light was predicted by Adolf Smekal in 1923, [3] it was not observed in practice until 1928. The Raman effect was named after one of its discoverers, the Indian scientist C. V. Raman, who observed the effect in organic liquids in 1928 together with K. S. Krishnan, and independently by Grigory Landsberg and Leonid Mandelstam in inorganic crystals. [1]
In contrast to IR spectroscopy, where there is a requirement for a change in dipole moment for vibrational excitation to take place, Raman scattering requires a change in polarizability. A Raman transition from one state to another is allowed only if the molecular polarizability of those states is different.
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy or surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a surface-sensitive technique that enhances Raman scattering by molecules adsorbed on rough metal surfaces or by nanostructures such as plasmonic-magnetic silica nanotubes. [1]
Stimulated Raman spectroscopy, also referred to as stimulated Raman scattering (SRS), is a form of spectroscopy employed in physics, chemistry, biology, and other fields. . The basic mechanism resembles that of spontaneous Raman spectroscopy: a pump photon, of the angular frequency , which is scattered by a molecule has some small probability of inducing some vibrational (or rotational ...
Coherent Raman scattering (CRS) microscopy is a multi-photon microscopy technique based on Raman-active vibrational modes of molecules. The two major techniques in CRS microscopy are stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS). SRS and CARS were theoretically predicted and experimentally realized in the 1960s.
The Raman microscope is a laser-based microscopic device used to perform Raman spectroscopy. [1] The term MOLE (molecular optics laser examiner) is used to refer to the Raman-based microprobe. [ 1 ] The technique used is named after C. V. Raman , who discovered the scattering properties in liquids.
Energy level diagram showing relationship between Rayleigh, Raman, and resonance Raman scattering and fluorescence. Resonance Raman spectroscopy (RR spectroscopy or RRS) is a variant of Raman spectroscopy in which the incident photon energy is close in energy to an electronic transition of a compound or material under examination. [1]
X-ray Raman scattering (XRS) is non-resonant inelastic scattering of X-rays from core electrons.It is analogous to vibrational Raman scattering, which is a widely used tool in optical spectroscopy, with the difference being that the wavelengths of the exciting photons fall in the X-ray regime and the corresponding excitations are from deep core electrons.
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