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Due to transistor action, emitter current, I E, is very nearly equal to the collector current, I C, of the transistor (which in turn, is the current through the load). Thus, the load current is constant (neglecting the output resistance of the transistor due to the Early effect) and the circuit operates as a constant current source. As long as ...
The capacitor C 1 is used to transfer energy. It is connected alternately to the input and to the output of the converter via the commutation of the transistor and the diode (see figures 2 and 3). The two inductors L 1 and L 2 are used to convert respectively the input voltage source (V s) and the output voltage (V o) into current sources. At a ...
Current mode logic (CML), or source-coupled logic (SCL), is a digital design style used both for logic gates and for board-level digital signaling of digital data.. The basic principle of CML is that current from a constant current generator is steered between two alternate paths depending on whether a logic zero or logic one is being represented.
During the Off-state, the current in this equation is the load current. In the On-state the current is the difference between the switch current (or source current) and the load current. The duration of time (dT) is defined by the duty cycle and by the switching frequency. For the on-state: = =
It can also be used to model a more realistic current source (since ideal current sources do not exist). The circuit topology covered here is one that appears in many monolithic ICs. It is a Widlar mirror without an emitter degeneration resistor in the follower (output) transistor. This topology can only be done in an IC, as the matching has to ...
The "long-tail" current source (R E) sets the total current flowing through the two legs of the pair. The input voltage controls the current flowing through the transistors by sharing it between the two legs, steering it all to one side when not near the switching point.
The switch is typically a MOSFET, IGBT, or BJT. The buck–boost converter is a type of DC-to-DC converter that has an output voltage magnitude that is either greater than or less than the input voltage magnitude. It is equivalent to a flyback converter using a single inductor instead of a transformer. [1]
The use of electronic constant current sources and large-area, sustained-beta output transistors delays the onset of clipping, but does not change the pattern. An increase in idle currents allows a proportional increase in current handling, [ 18 ] however, high idle currents invariably increase power consumption and heatsinking requirements.