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  2. Quimbaya artifacts - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quimbaya_artifacts

    Map of pre-Columbian cultures Poporo Quimbaya in the Gold Museum, Bogotá Colombia Seated gold figure from the Museo de América (Museum of America). Quimbaya artifacts refer to a range of primarily ceramic and gold objects surviving from the Quimbaya civilisation, one of many pre-Columbian cultures of Colombia inhabiting the Middle Cauca River valley and southern Antioquian region of modern ...

  3. Metallurgy in pre-Columbian America - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallurgy_in_pre...

    In fact, in the Lambayeque and Chimu cultures (750–1400 CE), a wide range of functional metal items were produced such as bowls, plates, drinking vessels, boxes, plates, models, scales and especially beakers (acquillas), but mostly for ceremonial or elite use. [15]

  4. Metallurgy in pre-Columbian Mesoamerica - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallurgy_in_pre...

    Copper bells, axe heads and ornaments from various parts of Chiapas (1200–1500) on display at the Regional Museum in Tuxtla Gutierrez, Chiapas.. The emergence of metallurgy in pre-Columbian Mesoamerica occurred relatively late in the region's history, with distinctive works of metal apparent in West Mexico by roughly 800 CE, and perhaps as early as 600 CE. [1]

  5. Tumaco-La Tolita culture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumaco-La_Tolita_culture

    Tumaco-La Tolita gold figure. The Tumaco-La Tolita culture or Tulato culture, [1] also known as the Tumaco Culture in Colombia or as the Tolita Culture in Ecuador [2] was an archaeological culture that inhabited the northern coast of Ecuador and the southern coast of Colombia during the Pre-Columbian era.

  6. Traditional metal working in Mexico - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_metal_working...

    In Ometepec, large and small crosses are made with various metals along with gold necklaces of various colors. Gold filigree is an important trade in Chiapas, often made with local amber. [20] Fine gold and silver wire is used by craftsmen in Oaxaca, Yucatán, Guerrero and Chiapas to create earrings, necklaces and bracelets with intricate ...

  7. Calima culture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calima_culture

    Calima culture (200 BCE–400 CE) is a series of pre-Columbian cultures from the Valle del Cauca in Colombia. [ 1 ] The four societies that successively occupied the valley and make up Calima culture are the Ilama, Yotoco, Sonso, and Malagana cultures .

  8. Tumbaga - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumbaga

    Tumbaga was widely used by the pre-Columbian cultures of Central and South America to make religious objects, as they considered gold a sacred metal. Like most gold alloys, tumbaga was versatile and could be cast, drawn, hammered, gilded, soldered, welded, plated, hardened, annealed, polished, engraved, embossed, and inlaid.

  9. List of countries by gold production - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_gold...

    In 1970, South Africa produced 995 tonnes or 32 million ounces of gold, two-thirds of the world's production of 47.5 million ounces. [2] Production figures are for primary mine production. In the US, for example, for the year 2011, secondary sources (new and old scrap) exceeded primary production. [3]