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The Portuguese copulas are ser and estar. As in Spanish, estar derived from Latin sto / stare: stare → *estare → estar. The copula ser developed both from svm and sedeo. Thus its inflectional paradigm is a combination of these two Latin verbs: most tenses derive from svm and a few from sedeo. E.g. derivation from sedeo: [1] sedere → seer ...
In English, the sentence "The boy is boring" uses a different adjective than "The boy is bored". In Spanish, the difference is made by the choice of ser or estar. El chico es aburrido uses ser to express a permanent trait ("The boy is boring"). El chico está aburrido uses estar to express a temporary state of mind ("The boy is bored").
Similarly, the participle agrees with the subject when it is used with ser to form the "true" passive voice (e.g. La carta fue escrita ayer 'The letter was written [got written] yesterday.'), and also when it is used with estar to form a "passive of result", or stative passive (as in La carta ya está escrita 'The letter is already written.').
Two-way immersion programs in the US promote L1 speakers of a language other than English to maintain that language as well as to teach English as a second language (ESL). [11] In addition, such programs allow L1 speakers of English to be immersed in a “foreign language acquisition environment.” [8]
The goal of ESL programs is for English-language learners to learn English after having acquired one or more native languages. ESL is a supplementary, comprehensive English language learning program common in English-speaking countries and countries where English has an important role in communication as a result of colonialism or globalization ...
Duolingo Inc. [b] is an American educational technology company that produces learning apps and provides language certification.Duolingo offers courses on 43 languages, [5] ranging from English, French, and Spanish to less commonly studied languages such as Welsh, Irish, and Navajo, and even constructed languages such as Klingon. [6]
With effort, learners can study any language by comparing their recordings to the same story in a language they know. [7] The list of self-study programs, below, shows the number of languages taught by each program, the name of the program, and the number of different languages used for instruction.
This doesn't attempt to teach you a language as you'd expect from a course but is simply a tool for assisting this process, with word lists in different languages and a resources list with external links to videos, blogs and newspapers etc. to help editors acquire a language. Learning a language and reaching a fluent level takes a lot of time ...