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Amine. In chemistry, amines (/ ə ˈ m iː n, ˈ æ m iː n /, [1] [2] UK also / ˈ eɪ m iː n / [3]) are compounds and functional groups that contain a basic nitrogen atom with a lone pair.Formally, amines are derivatives of ammonia (NH 3 (in which the bond angle between the nitrogen and hydrogen is 170°), wherein one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by a substituent such as an ...
General structure of an amine oxide. In chemistry, an amine oxide, also known as an amine N-oxide or simply N-oxide, is a chemical compound that has the chemical formula R 3 N + −O −. It contains a nitrogen-oxygen coordinate covalent bond with three additional hydrogen and/or substituent-groups attached to nitrogen.
The high energy electronic state, 2 A 1, has the two electrons in the p-orbital and the unpaired electron in the sp 2 orbital (σ type radical). [4] [5] Nitrogen centered compounds, such as amines, are nucleophilic in nature. This character is also seen in amino radicals, which can be considered to be nucleophilic species. [4] [5]
Typical Lewis bases are conventional amines such as ammonia and alkyl amines. Other common Lewis bases include pyridine and its derivatives. Some of the main classes of Lewis bases are amines of the formula NH 3−x R x where R = alkyl or aryl. Related to these are pyridine and its derivatives. phosphines of the formula PR 3−x Ar x.
The chemistry involved in the amine treating of such gases varies somewhat with the particular amine being used. For one of the more common amines, monoethanolamine (MEA) denoted as RNH 2, the acid-base reaction involving the protonation of the amine electron pair to form a positively charged ammonium group (RNH + 3) can be expressed as: RNH 2 ...
The lone electron pair on the nitrogen delocalizes into the pi system of the benzene ring. This is responsible for nitrogen's weaker basicity compared to other amines. Missing in such an analysis is consideration of solvation. Aniline is, for example, more basic than ammonia in the gas phase, but ten thousand times less so in aqueous solution. [21]
An electron donating group (EDG) or electron releasing group (ERG, Z in structural formulas) is an atom or functional group that donates some of its electron density into a conjugated π system via resonance (mesomerism) or inductive effects (or induction)—called +M or +I effects, respectively—thus making the π system more nucleophilic.
Hydrazine, H 2 N−NH 2, contains two amine groups NH 2 connected by a single bond between the two nitrogen atoms. Each N−NH 2 subunit is pyramidal. The structure of the free molecules was determined by gas electron diffraction and microwave spectroscopy.