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  2. Topographic Abney level - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topographic_Abney_Level

    Elliott Brothers of London registered an "improved clinometer and spirit level combined" in December 1870 based on "the old form as originally designed by Lieutenant Abney." [4] By 1871, a committee of the Royal Geographical Society recommended a long list of instruments that explorers should carry. Along with necessary tools such as a watch ...

  3. Tree volume measurement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree_volume_measurement

    The data is processed in Excel to generate a volume calculation. Graphing functions can be used to create a 3-dimensional figure of the tree data. Dr. Van Pelt also uses an Excel macro to rotate the image so that it can be viewed from different angles.

  4. Strike and dip - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strike_and_dip

    Strike and dip are measured in the field using a compass and with a clinometer. A compass is used to measure the azimuth of the strike, and the clinometer measures inclination of the dip. [2] Dr. E. Clar first described the modern compass-clinometer in 1954, and some continue to be referred to as Clar compasses. [10]

  5. Slope field - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slope_field

    The slope field can be defined for the following type of differential equations ′ = (,), which can be interpreted geometrically as giving the slope of the tangent to the graph of the differential equation's solution (integral curve) at each point (x, y) as a function of the point coordinates.

  6. Plot (graphics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plot_(graphics)

    The graphs can be used together to determine the economic equilibrium (essentially, to solve an equation). Simple graph used for reading values: the bell-shaped normal or Gaussian probability distribution, from which, for example, the probability of a man's height being in a specified range can be derived, given data for the adult male population.

  7. Biltmore stick - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biltmore_stick

    It looks much like an everyday yardstick. With practice a Biltmore stick is considered to be exceptionally accurate, often within half an inch on diameters. Some foresters use the tool regularly, however, many prefer to use more accurate tools such as a diameter tape to measure diameter at breast height (DBH) and a clinometer to measure height ...

  8. Semi-log plot - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semi-log_plot

    The linear–log type of a semi-log graph, defined by a logarithmic scale on the x axis, and a linear scale on the y axis. Plotted lines are: y = 10 x (red), y = x (green), y = log(x) (blue). In science and engineering, a semi-log plot/graph or semi-logarithmic plot/graph has one axis on a logarithmic scale, the other on a linear scale.

  9. Parallel coordinates - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_coordinates

    [1] d'Ocagne sought a way to provide graphical calculation of mathematical functions using alignment diagrams called nomograms which used parallel axes with different scales. For example, a three-variable equation could be solved using three parallel axes, marking known values on their scales, then drawing a line between them, with an unknown ...