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  2. List of linguistic example sentences - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_linguistic_example...

    A famous example for lexical ambiguity is the following sentence: "Wenn hinter Fliegen Fliegen fliegen, fliegen Fliegen Fliegen hinterher.", meaning "When flies fly behind flies, then flies fly in pursuit of flies." [40] [circular reference] It takes advantage of some German nouns and corresponding verbs being homonymous. While not noticeable ...

  3. Winograd schema challenge - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winograd_schema_challenge

    An ambiguous pronoun that may refer to either of the above noun phrases, and; A special word and alternate word, such that if the special word is replaced with the alternate word, the natural resolution of the pronoun changes. A question asking the identity of the ambiguous pronoun, and; Two answer choices corresponding to the noun phrases in ...

  4. Dangling modifier - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dangling_modifier

    A participle phrase is intended to modify a particular noun or pronoun, but in a dangling participle, it is instead erroneously attached to a different noun or to nothing; whereas in an absolute clause, is not intended to modify any noun at all, and thus modifying nothing is the intended use. An example of an absolute construction is:

  5. Bound variable pronoun - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bound_variable_pronoun

    A bound variable pronoun (also called a bound variable anaphor or BVA) is a pronoun that has a quantified determiner phrase (DP) – such as every, some, or who – as its antecedent. [1] An example of a bound variable pronoun in English is given in (1). (1) Each manager exploits the secretary who works for him. (Reinhart, 1983: 55 (19a))

  6. Reduced relative clause - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reduced_relative_clause

    Regular relative clauses are a class of dependent clause (or "subordinate clause") [1] that usually modifies a noun. [2] [3] They are typically introduced by one of the relative pronouns who, whom, whose, what, or which—and, in English, by the word that, [1] which may be analyzed either as a relative pronoun or as a relativizer; see That as relativizer.

  7. Clusivity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clusivity

    A language with a true clusivity distinction, however, does not provide a first-person plural with indefinite clusivity in which the clusivity of the pronoun is ambiguous; rather, speakers are forced to specify by the choice of pronoun or inflection, whether they are including the addressee or not. That rules out most European languages, for ...

  8. Pronoun - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pronoun

    Examples [1 & 2] are pronouns and pro-forms. In [1], the pronoun it "stands in" for whatever was mentioned and is a good idea. In [2], the relative pronoun who stands in for "the people". Examples [3 & 4] are pronouns but not pro-forms. In [3], the interrogative pronoun who does not stand in for anything.

  9. Logophoricity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logophoricity

    Kofi be say yè -dzo LOG -leave Kofi be yè -dzo Kofi say LOG -leave 'Kofi i said that he i left.' (2) b. Kofi Kofi be say e -dzo pro -leave Kofi be e -dzo Kofi say pro -leave 'Kofi i said that he/she j left.' Adapted from Clements (1972), this tree diagram for example (2) illustrates the different co-reference possibilities for a logophoric pronoun versus a normal pronoun. The syntax tree ...