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Traditional animation (or classical animation, cel animation, or hand-drawn animation) is an animation technique in which each frame is drawn by hand. The technique was the dominant form of animation of the 20th century, until there was a shift to computer animation in the industry, such as digital ink and paint and 3D computer animation .
A cel, short for celluloid, is a transparent sheet on which objects are drawn or painted for traditional, hand-drawn animation.Actual celluloid (consisting of cellulose nitrate and camphor) was used during the first half of the 20th century.
The term "cel-shading" is popularly used to refer to the application of this "ink" outlining process in animation and games, although originally the term referred to the flat shading technique regardless of whether the outline was applied. [3] The Utah teapot rendered using cel shading: The back faces are drawn with thick lines
Hand-drawn animation, which mostly consisted of a succession of still images painted on cels, was the dominant technique of the 20th century and became known as traditional animation. Today, computer animation is the dominant animation technique in most regions ( hand-drawn animation continues to be very popular outside of the US; for example ...
Traditional animation, from cel animation to stop motion, is produced by recording each frame, or still picture, on film or digital media and then playing the recorded frames back in rapid succession before the viewer.
Traditional animation (also called cel animation or hand-drawn animation) is the process that was used for most animated films of the 20th century. [59] The individual frames of a traditionally animated film are photographs of drawings, first drawn on paper. [ 60 ]
Animation is a filmmaking technique by which still images are manipulated to create moving images. In traditional animation , images are drawn or painted by hand on transparent celluloid sheets ( cels ) to be photographed and exhibited on film.
A normal shader (left) and an NPR shader using cel-shading (right). Non-photorealistic rendering (NPR) is an area of computer graphics that focuses on enabling a wide variety of expressive styles for digital art, in contrast to traditional computer graphics, which focuses on photorealism.