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Space colonization (or extraterrestrial colonization) is the settlement or colonization of outer space and astronomical bodies. The concept in its broad sense has been applied to any permanent human presence in space, such as a space habitat or other extraterrestrial settlements. [2]
Human presence in outer space began with the first launches of artificial object in the mid 20th century, and has increased to the point where Earth is orbited by a vast number of artificial objects and the far reaches of the Solar System have been visited and explored by a range of space probes.
Colonization of Mars differs from the crewed Mars exploration missions currently pursued by public space agencies, as they aim to land humans for exploration. [6] [7]The terminology used to refer a potential human presence on Mars has been scrutinized since at least the 2010s, [4] with space colonization in general since the 1977, as by Carl Sagan, who preferred to refer to settlements in ...
Space and survival is the idea that the long-term survival of the human species and technological civilization requires the building of a spacefaring civilization that utilizes the resources of outer space, [1] and that not doing this might lead to human extinction. A related observation is that the window of opportunity for doing this may be ...
Replica of the Vostok space capsule, which carried the first human into orbit, at Technik Museum Speyer Mercury space capsule, which carried the first Americans into orbit, on display at the Astronaut Hall of Fame, Titusville, Florida North American X-15, hypersonic rocket-powered aircraft, which reached the edge of space Neil Armstrong, one of the first two people to land on the Moon and the ...
Space engineers helped design heart pumps now used to keep people in need of heart transplant alive until a donor heart becomes available. [28] Discoveries concerning the human body and space, particularly the effects on the development of bones, may provide further understanding of biomineralization and the process of gene transcription. [29]
A City on Mars is a counterbalance to the growing optimism over space exploration.
Eventually, White wrote about the effect in his book The Overview Effect — Space Exploration and Human Evolution (1987), [13] which has a fourth edition (2021). [11] White's work did not attain broad influence until the 2010s—a period of increased societal divisions and a new prospect of private space travel. [14]