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1683 Polish version of the Cossack letter to the sultan, found in 2019 [11] [12]. U.S.-based Slavic and Eastern European historian Daniel C. Waugh (1978) observed: . The correspondence of the sultan with the Chyhyryn Cossacks had undergone a textual transformation sometime in the eighteenth century whereby the Chyhyryntsy became the Zaporozhians and the controlled satire of the reply was ...
The "Cossacks" expansion to the video game Europa Universalis IV adapted the text of the reply for its trailer and included artwork based on the original painting, [11] the game Cossacks: European Wars has the central detail of the picture in its logo, and the game Cossacks 3 has the painting as the background of the main menu.
Already in 1444 Cossacks of Ryazan were mentioned as defenders of Pereslavl-Zalessky against the units of Golden Horde and in a letter of Ivan III of Russia in 1502. The area around the Don River was divided between the Crimean west side and the Nogai east side after the Golden Horde fell in 1480. The vast steppe of the Don region was populated ...
Cossacks freed Rus' captives and allowed Greeks to return to the city. [6] Don Cossacks remained in the city, while Zaporozhian Cossacks returned with loot and captives. [6] [4] After the news of Cossacks capturing Azov spread, Tsar Michael attempted to distance himself from the actions of Cossacks. He wrote to Sultan Murad IV: [13]
Turkish-Tatar army launched their campaign into the Sich once the rivers froze, at night to avoid getting detected. However, they were noticed by a Cossack named Shevchuk or Chefchika, who alerted his comrades, and made the presence of intruders in the Sich known to the other 150–350 Cossacks, which allowed them to react on time and equip their guns.
Original - Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks to Sultan Mehmed IV of the Ottoman Empire is a painting by Ilya Yefimovich Repin.Created over 11 years, from 1880 to 1891, it shows a scene set in 1676, based on a legendary reply that the Cossacks sent the Sultan of Ottoman Empire in response to their demand that the Cossacks submit to Turkish rule.
In 1676, the Zaporozhian Cossacks defeated Ottoman army in a major battle, however, the Ottoman Sultan Mehmed IV still demanded that the Cossacks submit to Turkish rule. Cossacks led by Ivan Sirko replied in an uncharacteristic manner: they wrote a letter, replete with insults and profanities, which later became the subject of a painting by ...
In the 16th century, to protect the borderland area from Tatar invasions, Cossacks carried out sentry and patrol duties, guarding against Crimean Tatars and nomads of the Nogai Horde in the steppe region. Semirechye Cossack, Semirechye, 1911. The most popular weapons of the Cossack cavalrymen were the sabre, or shashka, and the long spear.