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Collins Scrabble Words (CSW, formerly SOWPODS) is the word list used in English-language tournament Scrabble in most countries except the US, Thailand and Canada, [1] although Scrabble tournaments in the US and Canada are also organized with divisions that use Collins Scrabble Words as their lexicon, some under the auspices of organizations such as the Collins Coalition.
The Scrabble variant most popular in English is standard match play, where two players compete over a series of games. Duplicate Scrabble is not popular in English, and High score Scrabble is no longer practised. Although English is a worldwide language, the official list of allowable words and some tournament rules differ between territories.
Diacritical marks (such as "ñ" in words borrowed from Spanish) are ignored. When Alfred Butts invented the game, he initially experimented with different distributions of letters. [3] A popular story claims that Butts created an elaborate chart by studying the front page of The New York Times to create his final choice of letter distributions. [4]
The benefits of tracking and counting tiles are widely known among competitive Scrabble players and tile tracking is considered a standard part of tournament play. [4] By tracking played tiles, players can learn what tiles remain unseen (either in the bag or on their opponent's rack) and use that information to make strategic decisions about what tiles to hold, which squares to block, and ...
The California Job Case was a compartmentalized box for printing in the 19th century, sizes corresponding to the commonality of letters. The frequency of letters in text has been studied for use in cryptanalysis, and frequency analysis in particular, dating back to the Arab mathematician al-Kindi (c. AD 801–873 ), who formally developed the method (the ciphers breakable by this technique go ...
Although OSPD bears the name Official Scrabble Players Dictionary, no country’s competitive organization lists the OSPD as its official dictionary; the NASPA Word List is the official word list for tournament Scrabble in the United States, Canada, Thailand and Israel. [2] Merriam-Webster markets the OSPD as ideal for school and family use.
In order to win the game, the player must change the start word into the end word progressively, creating an existing word at each step. Each step consists of a single letter substitution. [3] For example, the following are the seven shortest solutions to the word ladder puzzle between words "cold" and "warm", using words from Collins Scrabble ...
The following is the chart of the International Phonetic Alphabet, a standardized system of phonetic symbols devised and maintained by the International Phonetic Association. It is not a complete list of all possible speech sounds in the world's languages, only those about which stand-alone articles exist in this encyclopedia.