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In computing, redirection is a form of interprocess communication, and is a function common to most command-line interpreters, including the various Unix shells that can redirect standard streams to user-specified locations. The concept of redirection is quite old, dating back to the earliest operating systems (OS).
Every pipe is placed in the root directory of the named pipe filesystem (NPFS), mounted under the special path \\.\pipe\ (that is, a pipe named "foo" would have a full path name of \\.\pipe\foo). Anonymous pipes used in pipelining are actually named pipes with a random name. They are very rarely seen by users, but there are notable exceptions.
An important aspect of this, setting Unix pipes apart from other pipe implementations, is the concept of buffering: for example a sending program may produce 5000 bytes per second, and a receiving program may only be able to accept 100 bytes per second, but no data is lost. Instead, the output of the sending program is held in the buffer.
Process substitution can also be used to capture output that would normally go to a file, and redirect it to the input of a process. The Bash syntax for writing to a process is >(command) . Here is an example using the tee , wc and gzip commands that counts the lines in a file with wc -l and compresses it with gzip in one pass:
[2] dup3() was formally added to Linux kernel version 2.6.27 (glibc support is available on version 2.9 and above). int dup ( int oldfd ); int dup2 ( int oldfd , int newfd ); The former allocates the first available descriptor, just like open() behaves; an alternative way to duplicate a file descriptor to an unspecified place is the fcntl ...
D-Bus (short for "Desktop Bus" [4]) is a message-oriented middleware mechanism that allows communication between multiple processes running concurrently on the same machine. [5] [6] D-Bus was developed as part of the freedesktop.org project, initiated by GNOME developer Havoc Pennington to standardize services provided by Linux desktop environments such as GNOME and KDE.
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The name tee comes from this scheme - it looks like the capital letter T. The tee command is normally used to split the output of a program so that it can be both displayed and saved in a file. The command can be used to capture intermediate output before the data is altered by another command or program.