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  2. Back pain - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back_pain

    It may be classified as neck pain (cervical), middle back pain (thoracic), lower back pain (lumbar) or coccydynia (tailbone or sacral pain) based on the segment affected. [1] The lumbar area is the most common area affected. [2] An episode of back pain may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the duration. The pain may be characterized as ...

  3. Sciatica - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sciatica

    Others use the term as a diagnosis (i.e. an indication of cause and effect) for nerve dysfunction caused by compression of one or more lumbar or sacral nerve roots from a spinal disc herniation. [4] Pain typically occurs in the distribution of a dermatome and goes below the knee to the foot. [4] [6] It may be associated with neurological ...

  4. Low back pain - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low_back_pain

    The lumbar (or lower back) region is the area between the lower ribs and gluteal fold which includes five lumbar vertebrae (L1–L5) and the sacrum. In between these vertebrae are fibrocartilaginous discs , which act as cushions, preventing the vertebrae from rubbing together while at the same time protecting the spinal cord .

  5. Cauda equina syndrome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cauda_equina_syndrome

    The nerve roots from L4–S4 join in the sacral plexus which affects the sciatic nerve, which travels caudally (toward the feet). Compression, trauma or other damage to this region of the spinal canal can result in cauda equina syndrome. [citation needed] The symptoms may also appear as a temporary side-effect of a sacral extra-dural injection. [9]

  6. Lumbar spinal stenosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumbar_spinal_stenosis

    Spinal stenosis may also affect the cervical or thoracic region, in which case it is known as cervical spinal stenosis or thoracic spinal stenosis. Lumbar spinal stenosis can cause pain in the low back or buttocks, abnormal sensations, and the absence of sensation (numbness) in the legs, thighs, feet, or buttocks, or loss of bladder and bowel ...

  7. Sacroiliac joint dysfunction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacroiliac_joint_dysfunction

    Muscles and ligaments surround and attach to the SI joint in the front and back, primarily on the ilial or sacral surfaces. These can all be a source of pain and inflammation if the SI joint is dysfunctional. [9] [2] The sacroiliac joint is highly dependent on its strong ligamentous structure for support and stability. [9]

  8. Spinal cord injury - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinal_cord_injury

    The effects of injuries at or above the lumbar or sacral regions of the spinal cord (lower back and pelvis) include decreased control of the legs and hips, genitourinary system, and anus. People injured below level L2 may still have use of their hip flexor and knee extensor muscles. [47] Bowel and bladder function are regulated by the sacral ...

  9. Bertolotti's syndrome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertolotti's_syndrome

    Bertolotti's syndrome is characterized by sacralization of the lowest lumbar vertebral body and lumbarization of the uppermost sacral segment. It involves a total or partial unilateral or bilateral fusion of the transverse process of the lowest lumbar vertebra to the sacrum, leading to the formation of a transitional 5th lumbar vertebra.

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