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A chemical transport model (CTM) is a type of computer numerical model which typically simulates atmospheric chemistry and may give air pollution forecasting. Chemical transport models and general circulation models
Weather reconnaissance aircraft, such as this WP-3D Orion, provide data that is then used in numerical weather forecasts.. The atmosphere is a fluid.As such, the idea of numerical weather prediction is to sample the state of the fluid at a given time and use the equations of fluid dynamics and thermodynamics to estimate the state of the fluid at some time in the future.
The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model [1] (/ ˈ w ɔːr f /) is a numerical weather prediction (NWP) system designed to serve both atmospheric research and operational forecasting needs, developed in the United States. NWP refers to the simulation and prediction of the atmosphere with a computer model, and WRF is a set of software ...
Even with the increasing power of supercomputers, the forecast skill of numerical weather models only extends to about two weeks into the future, since the density and quality of observations—together with the chaotic nature of the partial differential equations used to calculate the forecast—introduce errors which double every five days ...
Map of Aerosol Optical Depth simulated by the CHIMERE model General organization of a chemistry-transport model. CHIMERE is a chemistry-transport model.It is a computer code that unites a set of equations representing the transport and the chemistry of atmospheric species making it possible to quantify the evolution of air masses and pollution plumes as a function of time on different scales ...
The global models are run at varying times into the future. The UKMET Unified model is run six days into the future, [28] the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts model is run out to 10 days into the future, [29] while the Global Forecast System model run by the Environmental Modeling Center is run 16 days into the future. [30]
The global models are run at varying times into the future. The Met Office's Unified Model is run six days into the future, [55] the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts model is run out to 10 days into the future, [56] while the Global Forecast System model run by the Environmental Modeling Center is run 16 days into the future. [57]
National Hurricane Center provides forecasts of the movement and strength of tropical weather systems and issues watches and warnings for the North Atlantic and the Eastern Pacific Ocean. NCEP Central Operations sustains and executes the operational suite of numerical analyses and forecast models and prepares NCEP products for dissemination.