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An endometrial polyp or uterine polyp is a mass in the inner lining of the uterus. [1] They may have a large flat base or be attached to the uterus by an elongated pedicle (pedunculated). [2] [3] Pedunculated polyps are more common than sessile ones. [4] They range in size from a few millimeters to several centimeters. [3]
Generally, the causes of abnormal uterine bleeding in premenopausal women who are not pregnant include fibroids, polyps, hormonal disorders such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), blood clotting disorders, and cancer. Infections such as cervicitis or pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) can also result in vaginal bleeding.
Prevalence of pelvic organ prolapse was found to be consistently higher when physical exam was used (for uterine prolapse, this was 14.2% [14] in one study and 3.8% in another [3]) compared to a symptom-based determination in which the prevalence of any type of prolapse, including uterine prolapse, was 2.9% to 8% in the U.S. [3] Using Women's ...
pregnancy; endometrial polyps; endometrial hyperplasia; endometrial carcinoma; leiomyomata; cervicitis; cervical dysplasia; endometriosis; coagulation defects; trauma [4] Bleeding from hemorrhoids and vulvar lesions can be mistaken for postcoital bleeding. [4] Post coital bleeding can occur with discharge, itching, or irritation.
It is the most common cause of pathological vaginal discharge in women of childbearing age and accounts for 40–50% of cases. [21] In BV, the vagina experiences a decrease in a bacterium called lactobacilli, and a relative increase in a multitude of anaerobic bacteria with the most predominant being Gardnerella vaginalis . [ 22 ]
Additionally, hematometra may develop as a complication of uterine or cervical surgery such as endometrial ablation, where scar tissue in the endometrium can "wall off" sections of endometrial glands and stroma causing blood to accumulate in the uterine cavity. [1] It can also develop after abortion, [4] as well as after childbirth. It can also ...
Oxytocin itself can cause uterine contractions and thus ADH can cross-react with oxytocin receptors and cause contractions. [citation needed] Swelling/Edema – Swelling occurs when excess fluid accumulates in regions of the body, resulting in abnormal enlargement or "puffiness." This commonly occurs in the upper and lower extremities.
The underlying causes may include ovulation problems, fibroids, the lining of the uterus growing into the uterine wall, uterine polyps, underlying bleeding problems, side effects from birth control, or cancer. [3] More than one category of causes may apply in an individual case. [3] The first step in work-up is to rule out a tumor or pregnancy.