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The number π (/ p aɪ / ⓘ; spelled out as "pi") is a mathematical constant, approximately equal to 3.14159, that is the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter.It appears in many formulae across mathematics and physics, and some of these formulae are commonly used for defining π, to avoid relying on the definition of the length of a curve.
"The amazing number π " (PDF). Nieuw Archief voor Wiskunde. 5th series. 1 (3): 254– 258. Zbl 1173.01300. Kazuya Kato, Nobushige Kurokawa, Saito Takeshi: Number Theory 1: Fermat's Dream. American Mathematical Society, Providence 1993, ISBN 0-8218-0863-X
Pi 3.14159 26535 89793 ... where agm is the arithmetic–geometric mean and ... The number Λ such that ...
In mathematics, the Leibniz formula for π, named after Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, states that = + + = = +,. an alternating series.. It is sometimes called the Madhava–Leibniz series as it was first discovered by the Indian mathematician Madhava of Sangamagrama or his followers in the 14th–15th century (see Madhava series), [1] and was later independently rediscovered by James Gregory in ...
This is a list of topics related to pi (π), the fundamental mathematical constant.. 2 π theorem; Approximations of π; Arithmetic–geometric mean; Bailey–Borwein–Plouffe formula
In the 1760s, Johann Heinrich Lambert was the first to prove that the number π is irrational, meaning it cannot be expressed as a fraction /, where and are both integers. In the 19th century, Charles Hermite found a proof that requires no prerequisite knowledge beyond basic calculus .
The last entry of the table has 355 ⁄ 113 as one of its best rational approximations; i.e., there is no better approximation among rational numbers with denominator up to 113. The number 355 ⁄ 113 is also an excellent approximation to π, attributed to Chinese mathematician Zu Chongzhi, who named it Milü. [5]
Later computers calculated pi to extraordinary numbers of digits (2.7 trillion as of August 2010), [4] and people began memorizing more and more of the output. The world record for the number of digits memorized has exploded since the mid-1990s, and it stood at 100,000 as of October 2006. [ 6 ]