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Selenium is toxic in high concentrations. As sodium selenite, the chronic toxic dose for human beings was described as about 2.4 to 3 milligrams of selenium per day. [7] In 2000, the US Institute of Medicine set the adult Tolerable upper intake levels (UL) for selenium from all sources - food, drinking water and dietary supplements - at 400 μg/day. [8]
For example, selenomethionine and selenocysteine are selenium-containing amino acids present in the human body. Selenomethionine participates in the synthesis of selenoproteins . [ 2 ] The reduction potential and pKa (5.47) of selenocysteine are lower than those of cysteine , making some proteins have antioxidant activity. [ 3 ]
An example is acetylcyclohexanone elimination with benzeneselenylchloride and sodium hydride. [26] Scheme 2. Selenoxide elimination of carbonyl compounds. The Grieco elimination is a similar selenoxide elimination using o-nitrophenylselenocyanate and tributylphosphine to cause the elimination of the elements of H 2 O.
Sodium selenate is produced by oxidation of selenium, first with nitric acid, producing selenous acid. The selenous acid is neutralized to form sodium selenite. The sodium selenite is oxidized in a basic medium hydrogen peroxide to form a selenate, which is then spray-dried. [3] Se + 2HNO 3 → H 2 SeO 3 + NO + NO 2 H 2 SeO 3 + Na 2 CO 3 → Na ...
Selenomethionine is readily available as a dietary supplement. It has been suggested by nutritionists that selenomethionine, as an organic form of selenium, is easier for the human body to absorb than selenite, which is an inorganic form. [8] It was determined in a clinical trial that selenomethionine is absorbed 19% better than selenite. [8]
The chronic toxic dose of selenite for humans is about 2400 to 3000 micrograms of selenium per day. [140] Hydrogen selenide is an extremely toxic, corrosive gas. [ 141 ] Selenium also occurs in organic compounds, such as dimethyl selenide, selenomethionine , selenocysteine and methylselenocysteine , all of which have high bioavailability and ...
Liquid nitrogen is a compact and readily transported source of dry nitrogen gas, as it does not require pressurization. Further, its ability to maintain temperatures far below the freezing point of water, specific heat of 1040 J ⋅kg −1 ⋅K −1 and heat of vaporization of 200 kJ⋅kg −1 makes it extremely useful in a wide range of ...
Selenite refers to the anion with the chemical formula Se O 2− 3. It is the oxyanion of selenium. It is the selenium analog of the sulfite ion, SO 2− 3. Thus selenite is pyramidal and selenium is assigned oxidation state +4. Selenite also refers to compounds that contains this ion, for example sodium selenite Na 2 SeO 3 which is a common ...