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Biodiversity is usually plotted as the richness of a geographic area, with some reference to a temporal scale. Types of biodiversity include taxonomic or species, ecological, morphological, and genetic diversity. Taxonomic diversity, that is the number of species, genera, family is the most commonly assessed type. [7]
In different contexts, "scale" could have very different connotations, which could be classified as follows: [4] Geographic scale or the scale of observation: the spatial extent of a study. E.g. a spatial analysis of the entire United States might be considered a large-scale one, while a study on a city has a relatively small scale.
A spring scale measures force but not mass, a balance compares weight, both require a gravitational field to operate. Some of the most accurate instruments for measuring weight or mass are based on load cells with a digital read-out, but require a gravitational field to function and would not work in free fall.
Transversal. Transversals are a geometric construction on a scientific instrument to allow a graduation to be read to a finer degree of accuracy. Their use creates what is sometimes called a diagonal scale, an engineering measuring instrument which is composed of a set of parallel straight lines which are obliquely crossed by another set of straight lines.
Click on image for larger view and links to other scales. To help compare different distances this section lists lengths starting at 10 13 m (10 Tm or 10 billion km or 67 astronomical units). 10 Tm – 67 AU – diameter of a hypothetical quasi-star; 11.1 Tm – 74.2 AU – distance that Voyager 1 began detecting returning particles from ...
Many types of calipers permit reading out a measurement on a ruled scale, a dial, or an electronic digital display. A common association is to calipers using a sliding vernier scale . Some calipers can be as simple as a compass with inward or outward-facing points, but with no scale (measurement indication).
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Since 1986, quite a large number of different cosmological theories exhibiting fractal properties have been proposed. While Linde's theory shows fractality at scales likely larger than the observable universe, theories like causal dynamical triangulation [ 9 ] and the asymptotic safety approach to quantum gravity [ 10 ] are fractal at the ...