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In sacralization, the L5-S1 intervertebral disc may be thin and narrow. This abnormality is found by X-ray. [citation needed] Sacralization of L6 means L6 attaches to S1 via a rudimentary joint. This L6-S1 joint creates additional motion, increasing the potential for motion-related stress and lower back pain/conditions.
In human anatomy, the sacral plexus is a nerve plexus which provides motor and sensory nerves for the posterior thigh, most of the lower leg and foot, and part of the pelvis. It is part of the lumbosacral plexus and emerges from the lumbar vertebrae and sacral vertebrae (L4-S4). [ 1 ]
S2 supplies many muscles, either directly or through nerves originating from S2. They are not innervated with S2 as single origin, but partly by S2 and partly by other spinal nerves. They are most commonly known to govern the toes. The muscles are: sphincter urethrae membranaceae; gluteus maximus muscle; piriformis; obturator internus muscle
The nerve to piriformis is a branch of the sacral plexus. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It (typically [ 3 ] ) arises from the posterior divisions [ 4 ] /branches [ 3 ] of anterior rami of S1 and S2. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 5 ]
Tarlov cysts are most commonly located in the S1 to S4/S5 region of the spinal canal, but can be found along any region of the spine.They usually form on the extradural components of sacrococcygeal nerve roots at the junction of dorsal root ganglion and posterior nerve roots and arise between the endoneurium and perineurium. [10]
S1 – On the lateral aspect of the calcaneus. S2 – At the midpoint of the popliteal fossa. S3 – Over the tuberosity of the ischium or intragluteal fold; S4 and S5 – In the perianal area, less than one cm lateral to the mucocutaneous zone; Following is a list of cranial nerves responsible for sensation from the face:
Bertolotti's syndrome is characterized by sacralization of the lowest lumbar vertebral body and lumbarization of the uppermost sacral segment. It involves a total or partial unilateral or bilateral fusion of the transverse process of the lowest lumbar vertebra to the sacrum, leading to the formation of a transitional 5th lumbar vertebra.
A dermatome is an area of the skin that sends sensory messages to a specific spinal nerve (right). The effects of a spinal cord injury depend on the level along the spinal column (left). S1-S5 are part of the os sacrum. Spinal nerves exit the spinal cord between each pair of vertebrae.