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Shone's syndrome is a rare congenital heart defect described by Shone in 1963. In the complete form, four left-sided defects are present: [1] Supravalvular mitral membrane (SVMM) Parachute mitral valve; Subaortic stenosis (membranous or muscular) Coarctation of the aorta
The book's rationale was also praised by media outlets including Newsday and The Economist. CNN described it as an answer to the Fermi paradox. [2] Several astronomy sources also praised the book including Sky & Telescope and Astronomy magazine. Other science media also praised the book including American Scientist, Popular Mechanics, and ...
This article is a list of notable unsolved problems in astronomy.Problems may be theoretical or experimental. Theoretical problems result from inability of current theories to explain observed phenomena or experimental results.
There is a complex sequence of events that result in a well formed heart at birth and disruption of any portion may result in a defect. [32] The orderly timing of cell growth, cell migration, and programmed cell death (" apoptosis ") has been studied extensively and the genes that control the process are being elucidated. [ 27 ]
Many mathematical problems have been stated but not yet solved. These problems come from many areas of mathematics, such as theoretical physics, computer science, algebra, analysis, combinatorics, algebraic, differential, discrete and Euclidean geometries, graph theory, group theory, model theory, number theory, set theory, Ramsey theory, dynamical systems, and partial differential equations.
The following is a list of notable unsolved problems grouped into broad areas of physics. [1]Some of the major unsolved problems in physics are theoretical, meaning that existing theories seem incapable of explaining a certain observed phenomenon or experimental result.
A conformal anomaly, scale anomaly, trace anomaly or Weyl anomaly is an anomaly, i.e. a quantum phenomenon that breaks the conformal symmetry of the classical theory.. In quantum field theory when we set Planck constant to zero we have only Feynman tree diagrams, which is a "classical" theory (equivalent to the Fredholm theory of a classical field theory).
BRST quantization is a differential geometric approach to performing consistent, anomaly-free perturbative calculations in a non-abelian gauge theory. The analytical form of the BRST "transformation" and its relevance to renormalization and anomaly cancellation were described by Carlo Maria Becchi, Alain Rouet, and Raymond Stora in a series of papers culminating in the 1976 "Renormalization of ...