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Carbamazepine, sold under the brand name Tegretol among others, is an anticonvulsant medication used in the treatment of epilepsy and neuropathic pain. [ 4 ] [ 1 ] It is used as an adjunctive treatment in schizophrenia along with other medications and as a second-line agent in bipolar disorder .
Tegretol (carbamazepine) – an anticonvulsant used as a mood stabilizer; Trilafon (perphenazine)- an antipsychotic used to treat schizophrenia; Tranxene, Novo-Clopate (clorazepate) – a benzodiazepine with anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative, hypnotic, and skeletal muscle relaxant properties
Valproate may cause increased somnolence in the elderly. In a trial of valproate in elderly patients with dementia, a significantly higher portion of valproate patients had somnolence compared to placebo. In approximately one-half of such patients, there was associated reduced nutritional intake and weight loss.
The incidence of movement disorders appears to be lower compared to carbamazepine. [16] Other, rare, side effects of oxcarbazepine include severe low blood sodium (hyponatremia), anaphylaxis / angioedema, hypersensitivity (especially if experienced with carbamazepine), toxic epidermal necrolysis, Stevens–Johnson syndrome, and thoughts of ...
On the other hand, cytochrome P450 inducers such as carbamazepine and St. John's Wort decrease the levels of both amitriptyline and nortriptyline [72] [76] Oral contraceptives may increase the blood level of amitriptyline by as high as 90%. [77] Valproate moderately increases the levels of amitriptyline and nortriptyline through an unclear ...
This advisory was associated with a decrease in use of antipsychotics, especially in elderly patients with dementia. [ 11 ] As of 2006 [update] , natalizumab (marketed as Tysabri) received a boxed warning on its packaging due to increased risk of developing progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) .
[150] [151] Controlled release carbamazepine appears to work as well as immediate release carbamazepine, and may have fewer side effects. [152] [153] In the United Kingdom, carbamazepine or lamotrigine are recommended as first-line treatment for focal seizures, with levetiracetam and valproate as second-line due to issues of cost and side effects.
Benzodiazepines require special precaution if used in the elderly, during pregnancy, in children, alcohol or drug-dependent individuals and individuals with comorbid psychiatric disorders. [ 80 ] Because of their muscle relaxant action, benzodiazepines may cause respiratory depression in susceptible individuals.
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