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Proximal diabetic neuropathy, also known as diabetic amyotrophy, is a complication of diabetes mellitus that affects the nerves that supply the thighs, hips, buttocks and/or lower legs. Proximal diabetic neuropathy is a type of diabetic neuropathy characterized by muscle wasting, weakness, pain, or changes in sensation/numbness of the leg.
By definition, all limb-girdle muscular dystrophies (LGMD) cause progressive proximal weakness, [3] meaning weakness of the muscles on or close to the torso that worsens over time. Explicitly, LGMD preferentially affects muscles of the hip girdle, thigh, shoulder girdle, and/or upper arm. [8] [6] The muscle weakness is generally symmetric. [11]
Involuntary extension of the "normal" leg occurs when flexing the contralateral leg against resistance. To perform the test, the examiner should hold one hand under the heel of the "normal" limb and ask the patient to flex the contralateral hip against resistance (while the patient is supine), asking the patient to keep the weak leg straight while raising it.
Those with femoral nerve dysfunction may present problems of difficulties in movement and a loss of sensation. [medical citation needed] The patient, in terms of motor skills, may have problems such as quadriceps wasting, loss of knee extension and a lesser extent of hip flexion given the femoral nerve involvement of the iliacus and pectineus muscles. [3]
True muscle weakness is a primary symptom of a variety of skeletal muscle diseases, including muscular dystrophy and inflammatory myopathy. It occurs in neuromuscular junction disorders, such as myasthenia gravis. Muscle weakness can also be caused by low levels of potassium and other electrolytes within muscle cells. It can be temporary or ...
Treatment approaches include impacting the signaling pathways that induce muscle hypertrophy or slow muscle breakdown as well as optimizing nutritional status. [ citation needed ] Physical activity provides a significant anabolic muscle stimulus and is a crucial component to slowing or reversing muscle atrophy. [ 3 ]
Gowers's sign is a medical sign that indicates weakness of the proximal muscles, namely those of the lower limb. The sign describes a patient that has to use their hands and arms to "walk" up their own body from a squatting position due to lack of hip and thigh muscle strength. It is named after William Richard Gowers. [1] [2]
Distal muscles in hands, forearms and lower legs Progress is slow and not life-threatening. [17] Miyoshi myopathy, one of the distal muscular dystrophies, causes initial weakness in the calf muscles, and is caused by defects in the same gene responsible for one form of limb–girdle muscular dystrophy. [13] Emery–Dreifuss muscular dystrophy ...