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  2. Financial instrument - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financial_instrument

    Financial instruments are monetary contracts between parties. They can be created, traded, modified and settled. They can be cash (currency), evidence of an ownership, interest in an entity or a contractual right to receive or deliver in the form of currency (forex); debt (bonds, loans); equity (); or derivatives (options, futures, forwards).

  3. Bond (finance) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bond_(finance)

    In finance, a bond is a type of security under which the issuer owes the holder a debt, and is obliged – depending on the terms – to provide cash flow to the creditor (e.g. repay the principal (i.e. amount borrowed) of the bond at the maturity date and interest (called the coupon) over a specified amount of time. [1])

  4. Debt - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debt

    Some argue against debt as an instrument and institution, on a personal, family, social, corporate and governmental level. Some Islamic banking forbids lending with interest even today. In hard times, the cost of servicing debt can grow beyond the debtor's ability to pay, due to either external events (income loss) or internal difficulties ...

  5. Promissory note - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Promissory_note

    A 1926 promissory note from the Imperial Bank of India, Rangoon, Burma for 20,000 rupees plus interest. A promissory note, sometimes referred to as a note payable, is a legal instrument (more particularly, a financing instrument and a debt instrument), in which one party (the maker or issuer) promises in writing to pay a determinate sum of money to the other (the payee), [1] subject to any ...

  6. Debenture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debenture

    In corporate finance, a debenture is a medium- to long-term debt instrument used by large companies to borrow money, at a fixed rate of interest. The legal term "debenture" originally referred to a document that either creates a debt or acknowledges it, but in some countries the term is now used interchangeably with bond, loan stock or note.

  7. Collateralized debt obligation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collateralized_debt_obligation

    A collateralized debt obligation (CDO) is a type of structured asset-backed security (ABS). [1] Originally developed as instruments for the corporate debt markets, after 2002 CDOs became vehicles for refinancing mortgage-backed securities (MBS).

  8. Original issue discount - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Original_issue_discount

    In the United States, whether interest is adequate is determined with reference to the applicable federal rate (AFR). Under the Internal Revenue Code, original issue discounts on debt instruments are taxed each year, even though the debt may not be repaid until a later date. The tax system will impute an interest rate on the loan.

  9. Securitization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Securitization

    Securitization is the financial practice of pooling various types of contractual debt such as residential mortgages, commercial mortgages, auto loans or credit card debt obligations (or other non-debt assets which generate receivables) and selling their related cash flows to third party investors as securities, which may be described as bonds, pass-through securities, or collateralized debt ...