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For example, the sample diagram does not indicate the physical type of connection between the PCs and the switch, but since a modern LAN is depicted, Ethernet may be assumed. If the same style of line was used in a WAN (wide area network) diagram, however, it may indicate a different type of connection.
Frames are the result of the final layer of encapsulation before the data is transmitted over the physical layer. [1] A frame is "the unit of transmission in a link layer protocol, and consists of a link layer header followed by a packet." [2] Each frame is separated from the next by an interframe gap.
For example, a station can tell another station to set up a block acknowledgement by sending an ADDBA Request action frame. The other station would then respond with an ADDBA Response action frame. Wi-Fi Neighbor Awareness Networking (NAN), also known as Wi-Fi Aware , service discovery frames are NAN-specific public action frames. [ 4 ]
A local area network (LAN) is a computer network that interconnects computers within a single physical location. It is the most common type of computer network, used in homes and buildings including offices or schools, [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] for sharing data and devices between each other, including Internet access .
A runt frame is an Ethernet frame that is less than the IEEE 802.3's minimum length of 64 octets. Runt frames are most commonly caused by collisions; other possible causes are a malfunctioning network card, buffer underrun, duplex mismatch or software issues. [14]
When sending data to another device on the network, the MAC sublayer encapsulates higher-level frames into frames appropriate for the transmission medium (i.e. the MAC adds a syncword preamble and also padding if necessary), adds a frame check sequence to identify transmission errors, and then forwards the data to the physical layer as soon as ...
Broadband LAN using Coaxial Cable: Disbanded IEEE 802.8: Fiber Optic TAG: Disbanded IEEE 802.9: Integrated Services LAN (ISLAN or isoEthernet) Disbanded IEEE 802.10: Interoperable LAN Security: Disbanded IEEE 802.11: Wireless LAN (WLAN) & Mesh (Wi-Fi certification) Active IEEE 802.12: 100BaseVG: Disbanded IEEE 802.13: Unused [5] Reserved for ...
For example the fact a typical home router has 4 to 6 Ethernet LAN ports, so a router's switching capacity could be exceeded. Another example may be that a network device might require a non-standard port feature such as power over Ethernet (PoE). (IP cameras and IP phones).