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This list of words that may be spelled with a ligature in English encompasses words which have letters that may, in modern usage, either be rendered as two distinct letters or as a single, combined letter. This includes AE being rendered as Æ and OE being rendered as Œ.
for an œ ~ oe ~ e in a closed syllable anywhere as long as it bears some stress (so this overlaps with the preceding category), as in œstrogenic, œstrogen, and œstrus; for an œ ~ oe ~ e in a primary-stressed syllable that does not lie within the final two syllables of the word (except for words like cœliac and Mœsia(n), see above).
Latin Capital Ligature OE: 0274 U+0153 œ 339 œ Latin Small Ligature OE 0275 U+0154 Ŕ 340 Ŕ Latin Capital Letter R with acute: 0276 U+0155 ŕ 341 ŕ Latin Small Letter R with acute 0277 U+0156 Ŗ 342 Ŗ Latin Capital Letter R with cedilla 0278 U+0157 ŗ 343 ŗ Latin Small Letter R with cedilla 0279 U+0158 Ř 344
In writing and typography, a ligature occurs where two or more graphemes or letters are joined to form a single glyph.Examples are the characters æ and œ used in English and French, in which the letters a and e are joined for the first ligature and the letters o and e are joined for the second ligature.
In Volapük, ö can be written as oy, but never as oe. In Romagnol, ö is used to represent [ɔə~ɔː], e.g. cöt [kɔət~kɔːt] "cooked". In the Seneca language, ö is used to represent [ɔ̃], a back mid rounded nasalized vowel. In Swedish, the letter ö is also used as the one-letter word for an island, which is not to be mixed with the ...
[41] This is a reverse of the typical rule, where British spelling uses the ae/oe and American spelling simply uses e. Words that can be spelled either way in British English include chamaeleon, encyclopaedia, homoeopathy, mediaeval (a minor variant in both AmE and BrE [42] [43] [44]), foetid and foetus.
Nowadays, the ligatures have been generally replaced by the digraphs ae and oe (encyclopaedia, diarrhoea) in British English or just e (encyclopedia, diarrhea) in American English, though both spell some words with only e (economy, ecology) and others with ae and oe (paean, amoeba, oedipal, Caesar).
Occurs naturally in the language, most frequently in western and northern regions, alternating with ø in many words, and rendered under the letter 'œ', while [ø] is under the letter ö. Danish: Standard [8] gøre [ˈkœːɐ] 'to do' Typically transcribed in IPA with ɶː . See Danish phonology: Dutch: Standard [9] [10] manoeuvre ...