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In process improvement efforts, quality costs tite or cost of quality (sometimes abbreviated CoQ or COQ [1]) is a means to quantify the total cost of quality-related efforts and deficiencies. It was first described by Armand V. Feigenbaum in a 1956 Harvard Business Review article.
Cost of poor quality (COPQ) or poor quality costs (PQC) or cost of nonquality, are costs that would disappear if systems, processes, and products were perfect. COPQ was popularized by IBM quality expert H. James Harrington in his 1987 book Poor-Quality Cost. [1] COPQ is a refinement of the concept of quality costs.
The quality control team tests and reviews software at its various stages to ensure quality assurance processes and standards at both the organizational and project level are being followed. [1] [2] (Some like Sommerville link these responsibilities to quality assurance rather than call it quality control. [3]) These checks are optimally ...
Quality, cost, delivery (QCD), sometimes expanded to quality, cost, delivery, morale, safety (QCDMS), [1] is a management approach originally developed by the British automotive industry. [2] QCD assess different components of the production process and provides feedback in the form of facts and figures that help managers make logical decisions.
Dimensions typically measured are quality, time and cost. Benchmarking is used to measure performance using a specific indicator (cost per unit of measure, productivity per unit of measure, cycle time of x per unit of measure or defects per unit of measure) resulting in a metric of performance that is then compared to others. [1]
In software engineering and development, a software metric is a standard of measure of a degree to which a software system or process possesses some property. [1] [2] Even if a metric is not a measurement (metrics are functions, while measurements are the numbers obtained by the application of metrics), often the two terms are used as synonyms.
In some cases, the steep one-time cost demanded by sellers of traditional software were out of the reach of smaller businesses, but pay-per-use SaaS models makes the software affordable. [3] Usage may be charged based on the number of users, transactions, amount of storage spaced used, or other metrics. [ 26 ]
These metrics are therefore computed statically from the code. Halstead's goal was to identify measurable properties of software, and the relations between them. This is similar to the identification of measurable properties of matter (like the volume, mass, and pressure of a gas) and the relationships between them (analogous to the gas equation ).