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Cannabis concentrate, also called marijuana concentrate, marijuana extract, or cannabis extract, is a tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and/or cannabidiol (CBD) concentrated mass. Cannabis concentrates contain high THC levels that range from 40% to over 90%, [ 1 ] [ 2 ] stronger in THC content than high-grade marijuana, which normally measures around ...
However, due to first-pass metabolism in the liver and the high lipid solubility of THC, only about 5 to 20% reaches circulation. [ 3 ] [ 21 ] Following oral administration, concentrations of THC and its major active metabolite 11-hydroxy-THC (11-OH-THC) peak after 0.5 to 4 hours, with median time to peak of 1.0 to 2.5 hours at different doses.
Candidate genes for this type of stress response have also been found in plant hormone signal transduction pathways. Different species of Cannabis carry unique variations of gene expression, with some having a greater ability to utilize salt tolerance by keeping potassium levels high enough as to deny sodium uptake. [25]
Cannabis smoking (known colloquially as smoking weed or smoking pot) is the inhalation of smoke or vapor released by heating the flowers, leaves, or extracts of cannabis and releasing the main psychoactive chemical, Δ 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), which is absorbed into the bloodstream via the lungs.
Other concerns include difficulties for drug testing due to novel metabolites, or high potency/binding affinity of isomers for cannabinoid receptors showing potential for abuse (i.e., THCP, which has 33× the binding affinity of Δ 9-THC) [70] [71] From 2021 to 2023, the Δ 8-THC market generated US$2 billion in revenue. [72]
In an in vitro analysis by the University of Rhode Island on cannabinoids it was found that 11-OH-Δ 9-THC had the 3rd highest 3C-like protease inhibitor activity against COVID-19 out of all the cannabinoids tested within that study but not as high as the antiviral drug GC376 (56% for 11-OH-Δ 9-THC vs. 100% for GC376). [8]
Delta-8 THC has garnered attention in recent years thanks to a loophole in the 2018 farm bill, which legalized hemp, defined as a cannabis plant that contains less than 0.3% delta-9 THC.
Cannabis also has a long history of being used for medicinal purposes, and as a recreational drug known by several slang terms, such as marijuana, pot or weed. Various cannabis strains have been bred, often selectively to produce high or low levels of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), a cannabinoid and the plant's principal psychoactive constituent .