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First-order logic of equality [21] Provability in intuitionistic propositional logic; Satisfaction in modal logic S4 [21] First-order theory of the natural numbers under the successor operation [21] First-order theory of the natural numbers under the standard order [21] First-order theory of the integers under the standard order [21]
Algorithmic game theory (AGT) is an area in the intersection of game theory and computer science, with the objective of understanding and design of algorithms in strategic environments. Typically, in Algorithmic Game Theory problems, the input to a given algorithm is distributed among many players who have a personal interest in the output.
Problems that are built on the knight's move in chess 1967 Nov: A mixed bag of logical and illogical problems to solve 1967 Dec: Game theory is applied (for a change) to games 1968 Jan: The beauties of the square, as expounded by Dr. Matrix to rehabilitate the hippie 1968 Feb: Combinatorial problems involving tree graphs and forests of trees ...
In logic, a set of symbols is commonly used to express logical representation. The following table lists many common symbols, together with their name, how they should be read out loud, and the related field of mathematics.
In byte-parallel hardware implementations this calls for either 8-input or cascaded XOR gates which have substantial gate delay. To maximise computation speed, an intermediate remainder can be calculated by first computing the CRC of the message modulo a sparse polynomial which is a multiple of the CRC polynomial.
Named after Alan Turing, the game could, in the abstract, duplicate the processes of any computer whatsoever if the game field itself were sufficiently large. This follows because the game is P-complete by the circuit value problem and PSPACE-complete if an exponential number of marbles is allowed. [1] [2] The device has implications for ...
Strategy-stealing was invented by John Nash in the 1940s to show that the game of hex is always a first-player win, as ties are not possible in this game. [2] However, Nash did not publish this method, and József Beck credits its first publication to Alfred W. Hales and Robert I. Jewett, in the 1963 paper on tic-tac-toe in which they also ...
In game theory, differential games are a group of problems related to the modeling and analysis of conflict in the context of a dynamical system. More specifically, a state variable or variables evolve over time according to a differential equation. Early analyses reflected military interests, considering two actors—the pursuer and the evader ...