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Chromium is a chemical element; ... the NAM sets Tolerable Upper Intake Levels ... 25 cities had levels that exceeded California's proposed limit. ...
California has set a limit for the toxic heavy metal hexavalent chromium in drinking water. Advocates have called for a stricter limit, warning of health risks.
Chromium (2.00 to 3.00%), enhances strength and hardenability. Molybdenum (0.50 to 1.50%), enhances hardenability, and the upper limit prevents segregation and stabilization of bainite . Vanadium (0.05 to 0.35%), increases toughness, and prevents grain boundaries from growing at high temperatures.
The alloy composition used in orthopedic implants is described in industry standard ASTM-F75: mainly cobalt, with 27 to 30% chromium, 5 to 7% molybdenum, and upper limits on other important elements such as less than 1% each of manganese and silicon, less than 0.75% iron, less than 0.5% nickel, and very small amounts of carbon, nitrogen ...
Chromium supplementation in general is subject to a certain amount of controversy as it is by no means clear that chromium is an essential element in human biology. [25] Nevertheless, chromium is an ingredient in total parenteral nutrition, along with other trace minerals. [26] It is also in nutritional products for preterm infants. [27]
The EPA currently limits total chromium in drinking water to 100 parts per billion, but there is no established limit specifically for chromium(VI). The Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) the California Environmental Protection Agency proposed a goal of 0.2 parts per billion in its technical support draft in 2009, despite ...
Threshold limit value − time-weighted average (TLV-TWA): The average exposure on the basis of a 8 hours per day, 40 hours per week work schedule. Threshold limit value − short-term exposure limit (TLV-STEL): A 15-minute TWA exposure that should not be exceeded at any time during a workday, even if the 8-hour TWA is within the TLV-TWA.
California was the first state to put into effect an MCL for hexavalent chromium (chromium 6) in drinking water in July 2014, setting a limit of 10 ppb. A 2015 United States Geological Survey (USGS) report, based on the EPA's 2010 review of the health effects of chromium 6 in drinking water, re-examined related federal regulations.