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The silent e is usually kept when it is preceded by a c or g and the suffix does not start with e , i , or y to keep its softening effect (i.e. change to changeable, outrage to outrageous, etc.). A silent e is not usually dropped in compound words, such as comeback.
G-dropping – reduction of the final cluster [ŋɡ] to [n] in weak syllables, principally in the verb ending -ing, which has occurred in many English dialects, although not in the modern standard varieties. Reduction of /mb/ and /mn/ to /m/, in later Middle English, affecting words like lamb and column.
The spelling -in' is sometimes used to indicate that a speaker uses the G-dropping pronunciation, as in makin' for making. The pronunciation with /n/ rather than /ŋ/ is a long-established one. Old English verbs had a present participle in -ende and a verbal noun form in -ing(e).
Reading by using phonics is often referred to as decoding words, sounding-out words or using print-to-sound relationships.Since phonics focuses on the sounds and letters within words (i.e. sublexical), [13] it is often contrasted with whole language (a word-level-up philosophy for teaching reading) and a compromise approach called balanced literacy (the attempt to combine whole language and ...
The mid central unrounded vowel is frequently written with the symbol ə . If greater precision is desired, the symbol for the close-mid central unrounded vowel may be used with a lowering diacritic, ɘ̞ , or for the open-mid central unrounded vowel with a raising diacritic, ɜ̝ .
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Cardinal vowel chart showing peripheral (white) and central (blue) vowel space, based on the chart in Collins & Mees (2003:227). Phonetic reduction most often involves a mid-centralization of the vowel, that is, a reduction in the amount of movement of the tongue in pronouncing the vowel, as with the characteristic change of many unstressed vowels at the ends of English words to something ...
Linking R and intrusive R are sandhi phenomena [1] where a rhotic consonant is pronounced between two consecutive vowels with the purpose of avoiding a hiatus, that would otherwise occur in the expressions, such as tuner amp, although in isolation tuner is pronounced the same as tuna /ˈtjuːnə/ (or /ˈtuːnə/) in non-rhotic varieties of English.