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  2. Constructor (object-oriented programming) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructor_(object...

    In class-based, object-oriented programming, a constructor (abbreviation: ctor) is a special type of function called to create an object.It prepares the new object for use, often accepting arguments that the constructor uses to set required member variables.

  3. Lazy initialization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lazy_initialization

    Using a factory method to create instances of a class (factory method pattern) Storing the instances in a map, and returning the same instance to each request for an instance with same parameters (multiton pattern) Using lazy initialization to instantiate the object the first time it is requested (lazy initialization pattern)

  4. Indexer (programming) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indexer_(programming)

    Here is a C# example of the usage of an ... defining the get: and set: value: instance methods. For example, in GNU Smalltalk ... vector class extend [ new: n ...

  5. Singleton pattern - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singleton_pattern

    The instance is usually stored as a private static variable; the instance is created when the variable is initialized, at some point before when the static method is first called. This C++23 implementation is based on the pre-C++98 implementation in the book [citation needed].

  6. Prototype pattern - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prototype_pattern

    It is used when the types of objects to create is determined by a prototypical instance, which is cloned to produce new objects. This pattern is used to avoid subclasses of an object creator in the client application, like the factory method pattern does, and to avoid the inherent cost of creating a new object in the standard way (e.g., using ...

  7. Factory method pattern - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factory_method_pattern

    How can an object's instantiation be deferred to a subclass? Create an object by calling a factory method instead of directly calling a constructor. This enables the creation of subclasses that can change the way in which an object is created (for example, by redefining which class to instantiate).

  8. C Sharp syntax - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sharp_syntax

    Runtime exception handling method in C# is inherited from Java and C++. The base class library has a class called System. Exception from which all other exception classes are derived. An Exception-object contains all the information about a specific exception and also the inner exceptions that were caused.

  9. Composition over inheritance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composition_over_inheritance

    The C++ examples in this section demonstrate the principle of using composition and interfaces to achieve code reuse and polymorphism. Due to the C++ language not having a dedicated keyword to declare interfaces, the following C++ example uses inheritance from a pure abstract base class. For most purposes, this is functionally equivalent to the ...